Table 2.
Health-related quality of life by baseline characteristics
| n | Mean EQ-5D (SD) | Median EQ-5D (IQR) | p value* | Mean VAS (SD) | Median VAS (IQR) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 751 | 0.67 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 62 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Age groups | 0.688 | 0.643 | |||||
| 18–35 | 168 | 0.67 (0.28) | 0.74 (0.50–0.83) | 62 (26) | 63 (50–80) | ||
| 36–50 | 392 | 0.67 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (26) | 68 (50–80) | ||
| ≥ 51 | 191 | 0.65 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.45–0.83) | 64 (24) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Sexa | 0.767 | 0.261 | |||||
| Male | 509 | 0.67 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 62 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Female | 242 | 0.67 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 60 (25) | 60 (50–80) | ||
| Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander identityb | 0.510 | 0.908 | |||||
| Yes | 181 | 0.66 (0.28) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 62 (25) | 60 (50–80) | ||
| No | 563 | 0.66 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 61 (28) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Completed high school or higher education | 0.126 | 0.068 | |||||
| Yes | 214 | 0.69 (0.25) | 0.75 (0.53–0.83) | 65 (24) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| No | 537 | 0.66 (0.25) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (26) | 65 (50–80) | ||
| Main source of income | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No income | 21 | 0.75 (0.23) | 0.80 (0.71–1.00) | 64 (22) | 60 (50–90) | ||
| Full-time/part-time/casual employment | 58 | 0.82 (0.22) | 0.83 (0.75–1.00) | 77 (14) | 80 (70–90) | ||
| Government assistance | 637 | 0.66 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (26) | 65 (50–80) | ||
| Other | 35 | 0.57 (0.29) | 0.66 (0.24–0.80) | 57 (26) | 60 (40–75) | ||
| Housing | 0.067 | 0.006 | |||||
| Stable | 522 | 0.68 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 64 (25) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Unstable | 229 | 0.64 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 57 (27) | 60 (40–80) | ||
| Incarceration | 0.563 | 0.525 | |||||
| Never | 248 | 0.67 (0.27) | 0.74 (0.50–0.81) | 63 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Ever (not in past 12 months) | 355 | 0.66 (0.26) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (25) | 66 (50–80) | ||
| In past 12 months | 148 | 0.67 (0.29) | 0.80 (0.50–0.83) | 61 (27) | 68 (49–80) | ||
| Recency of drug injecting | 0.405 | 0.246 | |||||
| Ever, but not in past 6 months | 210 | 0.68 (0.28) | 0.75 (0.52–0.83) | 62 (27) | 70 (49–85) | ||
| None in the past month | 66 | 0.68 (0.28) | 0.78 (0.50–0.83) | 66 (21) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Injected in past month | 475 | 0.66 (0.26) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Hazardous alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C)c | 0.529 | 0.085 | |||||
| High risk male/female | 254 | 0.66 (0.28) | 0.72 (0.50–0.80) | 59 (28) | 60 (40–80) | ||
| Low risk male/female | 160 | 0.69 (0.24) | 0.73 (0.59–0.80) | 64 (23) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Never drinks | 331 | 0.67 (0.28) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 63 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Smoking status | 0.050 | 0.007 | |||||
| Never | 35 | 0.75 (0.23) | 0.80 (0.68–0.84) | 70 (23) | 75 (51–85) | ||
| Previous | 74 | 0.69 (0.29) | 0.73 (0.45–1.00) | 68 (25) | 75 (50–85) | ||
| Current | 642 | 0.66 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (26) | 65 (50–80) | ||
| Current opioid agonist therapy | 0.215 | 0.470 | |||||
| Yes | 517 | 0.66 (0.26) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (26) | 68 (50–80) | ||
| No | 234 | 0.68 (0.28) | 0.76 (0.50–0.83) | 62 (27) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Self-reported HCV infection | 0.716 | 0.002 | |||||
| Yes | 396 | 0.67 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 59 (27) | 65 (40–80) | ||
| No | 222 | 0.66 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.45–0.83) | 65 (23) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| HCV RNA test result | 0.964 | 0.444 | |||||
| Negative | 372 | 0.67 (0.28) | 0.73 (0.50–0.83) | 63 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Positive | 323 | 0.67 (0.26) | 0.73 (0.50–0.80) | 61 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Missing | 56 | 0.65 (0.30) | 0.73 (0.46–0.80) | 59 (27) | 60 (40–80) | ||
| FibroScan® liver disease staging | 0.046 | 0.075 | |||||
| F0/F1—no/mild fibrosis | 514 | 0.68 (0.27) | 0.75 (0.50–0.83) | 63 (26) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| F2/3—moderate/severe | 129 | 0.63 (0.25) | 0.68 (0.45–0.80) | 59 (25) | 60 (49–80) | ||
| F4—cirrhosis | 63 | 0.67 (0.28) | 0.73 (0.45–1.00) | 65 (22) | 70 (50–80) | ||
| Invalid score/missing | 45 | 0.61 (0.32) | 0.66 (0.38–0.80) | 55 (28) | 50 (40–80) | ||
IQR interquartile range
aTrangender combined with male (n = 6)
bParticipants responding as unknown are excluded (n = 7
cn = 6 excluded
*Mann–Whitney U tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS scores between subgroups