Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics for patients in the study.
| Parameter at Diagnosis of MM | N = 54 (%) |
|---|---|
| Age in years, median (range) | 61.3 (32.7–73.3) |
| Sex (% females) | 16 (30%) |
| ISS stage 3 (%) | 15(28%) |
| LDH > ULN (%) | 6 (11%) |
| High Risk Cytogenetics, n (%)* | 22 (41%) |
| t(4;14) | 4 (8%) |
| Deletion 17p | 3 (6%) |
| 1q duplication | 13 (24%) |
| t(11;14) | 10 (18%) |
| t(14;16) | 2 (4%) |
| Hyperdiploidy | 24 (46%) |
| Deletion 13q | 13 (24%) |
| R-ISS stage 3 | 18 (34%) |
| Bone marrow plasma cell infiltrate, median % (range) | 40 |
| ASCT data | |
| Time from MM Diagnosis to ASCT in months, median (range) | 6.3 (2.5–51) |
| Induction therapy prior to ASCT, n (%) | |
| Doublet induction (%) | 11 (20%) |
| Triplet induction (%) | 43 (80%) |
| Mobilization strategy (%) | |
| G-CSF alone | 25 (46%) |
| G-CSF+ plerixafor | 24 (45%) |
| G-CSF+ cyclophosphamide | 4 (7%) |
| G-CSF + plerixafor + cyclophosphamide | 1 (2%) |
| Conditioning for Transplant (%) | |
| Melphalan 200 mg/m2 | 40 (74%) |
| Melphalan 140 mg/m2 | 10 (19%) |
| Melphalan 170 mg/m2 | 2 (4%) |
| Melphalan+TBI | 2 (4%) |
| Transplant time period (%) | |
| 2001–2005 | 2 (4%) |
| 2006–2010 | 4 (8%) |
| 2011–2015 | 28 (52%) |
| 2015–2020 | 20 (37%) |
| Median Time to engraftment, days | 18 |
| Severe Engraftment Syndrome, (%) | 7.4 |
| t-MN Data | |
| t-MN after ASCT, n (%) | 20 (37%) |
| Time from ASCT to t-MN in years, median (range) | 4.9 (1.7–11.8) |
| TP53 mutation at tMN, n (%) | 7 (39%) |
| Lines of treatment before t-MN, median (range)# | 2 (1–9) |
| Short Responders, n (%) | 8 (40%) |
| Maintenance therapy after ASCT | N = 35 |
| Lenalidomide maintenance¥ | 92% (32 out of 35) |
| Duration of Lenalidomide maintenance, median (range) years | 1.6 (0.3–9) |
ASCT autologous stem cell transplantation, ISS international staging system, G-CSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor, MM multiple myeloma, TBI total body irradiation, tMN therapy related myeloid neoplasm.
*high risk cytogenetics per mSMART 3.0: deletion 17p, t(4;14), 1q duplication, t(14;16)/t(14;20); #Lines of therapy prior to the development of tMN in the tMN cohort versus lines of therapy till last follow-up for patients without tMN; ¥2 patients received bortezomib and 1 patient received ixazomib as maintenance therapy. All percentages are rounded off.