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. 2023 Sep 26;14:6004. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

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Fig. 2 — a Formation of mechanical metamaterials at the material to structural levels. Categories of mechanical metamaterials, such as origami, chiral, and lattice metamaterials, based on the microstructures and their typical applications^{12, 50, 51}. b Extraordinary mechanical characteristics of mechanical metamaterials as ultra-lightweight, ultra-stiffness, negative response, and programmable response^{27, 78, 85, 93, 95, 96}.