Fig. 5.

Axial multiphasic CT images in a 74-year-old man with NASH-related cirrhosis and 63-mm hepatocellular carcinoma in segment 8 of the liver.

Multiphasic images are presented (A) without and (B) with superimposition of areas in which non-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE), non-peripheral washout, and enhancing capsule were detected by the machine learning algorithm. The adjacent liver parenchyma automatically segmented for the analysis of the observation enhancement patterns is also shown. The three major features were considered present according to the ground truth (LR-5 observation) and by the two independent readers except enhancing capsule considered absent by one independent reader (LR-5 observation for both readers). The ML algorithm considered non-rim APHE present but washout and enhancing capsule of uncertain presence, leading to LR-4 categorisation. CT, computed tomography; LR, LI-RADS; ML, machine learning; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.