Table 7.

Brazilian politics, petrobras and brazilian electric sector.

Period	Petrobras and Brazilian Electric Sector
1953–1964 - Populist years (Getúlio Vargas, Juscelino Kubitschek, Jânio Quadros, João Goulart)	-Beginning of commercial production of natural gas in Brazil (1940). -Creation of the first state refinery (1950). -Petrobras was created as state-owned (1953). The company was already created with mixed capital. -Eletrobras was created as state-owned (1962).
1964–1985 - Military dictatorship	-Construction of large-scale refineries and tripling of refining capacity 1960–1981. -The confirmation of the offshore discoveries took place in the Guaricema field (1968). -The Oil Shock made the Brazilian state invest heavily in offshore reserves (1974). -Beginning of commercial exploration in Campo de Garoupa, in the Campos Basin, in deep water, using a floating platform (1977). -Offshore production surpasses onshore production (1983). -Petrobras reached the production milestone of 0.5 million barrels per day (1984).
1985–1993 Restoration of civilian government (New Republic) and the 1988 Constitution.	-Petrobras receives the first achievement OTC award. The award recognizes the innovations developed to achieve production from Campos Basin (1992). -Petrobras reached the production milestone of 1 million barrels per day (1997). -Brazilian production covers for the first time more than 50% of national consumption (1998).
1994–2002 - Fernando Henrique Cardoso (Brazilian Social Democracy Party, PSDB)	-Production in deep water surpasses production in shallow waters (1995). -Law 9.478 broke Petrobras's monopoly and created the national petroleum agency (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, ANP, 1997). -Beginning of operation of the Brazil-Bolivia Gas Pipeline (1999). -Petrobras set a world record for oil exploration in shallow waters (2000) -Occurrence of blackouts due to droughts that affected the performance of hydroelectric plants (2001). -Petrobras receives the first achievement OTC award. The award recognizes the innovations developed to achieve production from the Roncador and Marlim fields (2001). -Import of Gas From Bolivia (2001) -Petrobras acquires the first thermoelectric plants (2002) -Incentive Program for Alternative Sources of Electric Energy (2002). -Brazil exceeded 2 billion dollars in crude oil exports for the first time (2002).
2003–2010 Luis Inacio Lula da Silva (Workers' Party)	-Petrobras surpassed 2 million barrels of oil equivalent of daily production (2003). -Brazilian production covers for the first time more than 75% of national consumption. -Pre-Salt discoveries doubled the current Brazilian oil reserves (2007). -Brazil has become self-sufficient in oil production (2007). -Brazil exceeds 10 billion dollars in crude oil exports for the first time (2008). -Highest capitalization in history (until 2010) -Beginning of the pre-salt exploration (2009). -Beginning of the Urucu-Coari-Manaus gas pipeline operation (2009). -Increase in Petrobras' indebtedness (2006–2016)
2010–2016 Dilma Rousseff (Workers' Party) rowhead	-The Brazilian government made significant legal changes in its oil sector, inverting the previously undertaken market reforms and intensifying state interference. The main goal was to increase governmental strategic resource control to guarantee that future Brazilian generations could take advantage of the proceeds of the oil reserves (2010). -Brazil exceeded 20 billion dollars in crude oil exports for the first time. -Petrobras reached the maximum of its installed electrical production capacity and began selling assets (2012). -Droughts in Brazil affect the performance of hydroelectric plants requiring the activation of thermoelectric power (2014–2016). -Operation Car Wash (2015–2017). -Petrobras receives third achievement OTC award. The award recognizes the innovations developed to achieve production from the pre-salt (2015). -From 2002 to 2016, the installed wind energy capacity increased from 22 MW to 10074 MW.
2019–2022 Jair Bolsonaro (Liberal Party)	-Wind energy has become the second-largest source of electricity (2018). -Petrobras reached the production milestone of 2,8 million barrels per day (2018). -Oil production in Brazil reaches 3 million barrels per day (2019). -Pandemic (2020). -Production of oil and natural gas exceeded, for the first time, 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (2020). -Petrobras receives the fourth achievement OTC award. The award recognizes the innovations developed to achieve production from the pre-salt (2021). -Upsurge of Attacks and Sanctions in the Russian-Ukrainian War (2022). -Privatization of Eletrobras, the largest public electricity production company (2022)