Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of KPMP Participants
| Characteristics | Overall (N=167) | CKD (N=124) | AKI (N=43) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 55.8 (13.4) | 58.2 (12.2) | 48.7 (14.3) |
| Female sex | 70 (41.9%) | 57 (46.0%) | 13 (30.2%) |
| Race | |||
| White | 99 (59.3%) | 73 (58.9%) | 26 (60.5%) |
| Black | 52 (31.1%) | 36 (29.0%) | 16 (37.2%) |
| Asian | 7 (4.2%) | 6 (4.8%) | 1 (2.3%) |
| Other | 3 (1.8%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Declined/don’t know | 7 (4.2%) | 7 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 32 (19.2%) | 23 (18.6%) | 9 (20.9%) |
| Health history | |||
| History of kidney disease or kidney failure | 110 (65.9%) | 100 (80.7%) | 10 (23.3%) |
| Diabetes | 116 (69.5%) | 102 (82.3%) | 14 (32.6%) |
| Reported duration of diabetes, ya | 19.6 (12.0) | 20.1 (12.1) | 14.6 (10.6) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 51 (44.0%) | 46 (45.1%) | 5 (35.7%) |
| Hypertension | 131 (78.4%) | 114 (91.9%) | 17 (39.5%) |
| Reported duration of hypertension, ya | 15.8 (12.3) | 16.0 (12.2) | 13.2 (13.6) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 94 (56.6%) | 85 (69.1%) | 9 (20.9%) |
| Heart failure | 14 (8.4%) | 10 (8.1%) | 4 (9.3%) |
| Prior kidney biopsyb | 5 (4.6%) | 5 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme/Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 109 (65.2%) | 100 (80.6%) | 9 (20.9%) |
| Baseline eGFRcr, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 52.7 (26.6) | 55.5 (23.3) | 43.1 (34.1) |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%)c | N/A | 8.26 (1.2) | N/A |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 136.5 (19.8) | 136.3 (20.1) | 137.7 (18.5) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 78.0 (10.9) | 77.3 (11.0) | 81.7 (9.38) |
| Educationb | |||
| <High school | 26 (15.7%) | 16 (12.9%) | 10 (23.8%) |
| High school graduate | 29 (17.5%) | 18 (14.5%) | 11 (26.2%) |
| Some college education or more | 107 (64.5%) | 89 (71.8%) | 18 (42.9%) |
| Declined or don’t know | 4 (2.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 3 (7.1%) |
| Employment | |||
| Full-time | 59 (35.3%) | 46 (37.1%) | 13 (30.2%) |
| Part-time | 12 (7.2%) | 7 (5.7%) | 5 (11.6%) |
| Retired | 47 (28.1%) | 43 (34.7%) | 4 (9.3%) |
| Unemployed | 26 (15.6%) | 13 (10.5%) | 13 (30.2%) |
| Permanently disabled | 15 (9.0%) | 10 (8.1%) | 5 (11.6%) |
| Otherd | 8 (4.8%) | 6 (4.8%) | 2 (4.7%) |
| Research participationb | |||
| Participates in other studies | 24 (24.5%) | 20 (27.8%) | 4 (15.4%) |
| Family historyb | |||
| Kidney disease | 3 (2.0%) | 3 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Kidney stones | 4 (2.7%) | 4 (3.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Hypertension | 17 (11.3%) | 14 (12.1%) | 3 (8.8%) |
| Diabetes | 14 (9.0%) | 12 (10.1%) | 2 (5.6%) |
Note: Values reported as n (%) or mean (SD).
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; AKI, acute kidney injury; eGRF, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Sample reporting duration of diabetes n=110 (CKD, n=99; AKI, n=11). Sample reporting duration of hypertension n=112 (CKD, n=102; AKI, n=10).
Percentage denominators are lower than the overall participant sample because not all participants answered these questions (prior biopsy, n=110; education, n=166; research participation, n=98; family histories, n=147-155).
This measurement was averaged from 2 tests within the year before biopsy (n=42/87 participants in diabetes-induced CKD group). A1C was only reported for diabetes-induced CKD participants.
CKD: Full-time homemaker (n=2), temporarily laid off/on strike (n=1), medical leave (n=1), student (n=1), N/A or declined (n=1); AKI: N/A or declined (n=2).