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. 2023 Aug 10;16(5):847–856. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.003

Figure 6.

Figure 6

GLP-2 treatment activates intestinal FGF15/19 expression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the intestinal mRNA expression of (A) Fgf15 and (B) Ki67. Fgf15 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate Fgf15 levels in systemic blood of Mdr2-/- mice on GLP-2 treatment (A). Intestinal Fgf15 mRNA and protein expression as well as Ki67 mRNA levels were elevated in Mdr2-/- mice on GLP-2 treatment. Accordingly, Ki67 immunohistochemistry (×10 magnification) (B) showed an increase in Ki67-positive cells numbers in the intestine of Mdr2-/- mice treated with GLP-2. mRNA expression values were normalized against 18sRNA levels and are shown relative to the expression level in Mdr2-/- control animals. ∗Significant difference from Mdr2-/- control mice; P < .05. (C) Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of FXR, FGF19, and KI67 in human-derived intestinal organoids treated with GLP-2. FGF19 ELISA was used to assess FGF19 protein concentration in cell culture supernatant. Gene expression of the aforementioned genes was significantly increased by GLP-2 treatment. mRNA expression values were normalized against 18sRNA levels and are shown relative to expression level in untreated control subjects. FGF19 levels were significantly increased in supernatant of organoids treated with 0.5 μM and 2.5 μM GLP-2. ∗Significant difference from untreated control cells; P < .05. (D) CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay was performed to assess cell proliferation in human-derived intestinal organoids. GLP-2 significantly increased cell proliferation independent of the used concentrations. ∗Significant difference from untreated control cells; P < .05.