Table 1.

An alphabetized summary table of the organizations and entities for science diplomacy in the Gulf and surrounding the Arabian Peninsula mentioned in the main text.

organization abbreviation	full name	headquarters (if applicable)	founded	mission	member states (if applicable)
Emirates Nature - WWF	World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Regional Office	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	2001	As a regional organization in the Gulf, it generates scientific information and raises awareness to support science-based solutions and policies for addressing climate change and preserving the seas, land, and their interconnected biodiversity.
GCC	Gulf Co-operation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf	Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	1981	A regional cooperation system whose objectives are: to effect coordination, integration and inter-connection between member states in all fields in order to achieve unity between them; to deepen and strengthen relations, links and areas of cooperation now prevailing between their peoples in various fields; to formulate similar regulations in various fields including economic and financial affairs, commerce, customs, communications, education and culture, social and health affairs, information and tourism, and legislative and administrative affairs; to stimulate scientific and technological progress in the fields of industry, mining, agriculture, water and animal resources; to establish scientific research; and to establish joint ventures and encourage cooperation by the private sector for the good of their peoples.	Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates
ROPME	Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment	Kuwait City, Kuwait	1979	Coordinate efforts of the eight Member States towards protection of the marine and coastal environment and ecosystems in the ROPME Sea Area (RSA) against marine pollution and stressors that might be induced from developmental activities or/and other drivers of change.	Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates
TRSC	Transnational Red Sea Center	Lausanne, Switzerland	2019	A scientific research organization based at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne with the support of the Swiss Confederation to raise awareness and promote dialogue to bridge science and diplomacy for the future of coral reefs, in the Red Sea and beyond.	Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen
UNEP RSP	United Nations Environment Programme Regional Seas Programme	Nairobi, Kenya	1974	Implements region-specific activities, bringing together stakeholders including governments, scientific communities and civil societies.	The Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) Sea Area (RSA) falls under RSP's Non-UNEP administered Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans (RSCAPs). This type of RSCAPs is under the auspices of UNEP, but another regional body (ROPME) provides the Secretariat and administrative functions.