Table 1.
Development of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression
|
Ref.
|
Method
|
Result
|
Adverse events
|
Significance
|
| Levkovitz et al[13], 2009 | 20 Hz DTMS stimulates FPC | Significant improvement in HDRS scores | Headaches | This is the first time that TRD has been treated with the new H-coil |
| McGirr et al[14], 2014 | 20 Hz stimulates DLFPC | Reduction in HAMD-21 scores | Unreported | Five-factor personality assessment may have prognostic value in DTMS for resistant MDD |
| Levkovitz et al[15], 2015 | 20 Hz DTMS stimulates PFC | HDRS-21 score was improved by 6.39 points | Unreported | It is efficacious and safe in patients not responding to antidepressant medications, and the effect remains stable |
| Feffer et al[16], 2017 | 18 HZ DTMS stimulation; right abductor pollicis brevis muscle | Depressive symptoms (HDRS-21 total score) decreased significantly | Headaches | The severity of the depressive episode is associated with a positive therapeutic effect of dTMS |
| Kaster et al[17], 2018 | 18 HZ DTMS stimulates DLPFC and VLPFC | Remission rate was significantly higher with active than sham rTMS (40.0% vs 14.8%) | Pain and discomfort from stimulus | High-dose DTMS appears to be safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in the treatment of LLD |
| Tendler et al[18], 2018 | 10 HZ DTMS combined with SSRIs | The remission rate was 35.3% | Headaches | DTMS can augment formerly ineffective SSRI treatment |
| Filipčić et al[19], 2019 | 18 HZ DTMS stimulates LDLPFC | The response was significantly better in H1-coil than in 8-coil group (OR = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.04-5.21; P = 0.040) | Unreported | DTMS had better response rate than rTMS |
| Matsuda et al[20], 2020 | 18 Hz DTMS stimulates LDLPFC | HDRS-21 was more significantly improved | Unreported | DTMS might be effective and safe for office workers with treatment-resistant depression |
| Bahun et al[21], 2022 | 18 Hz stimulates DLFPC | Cognitive function all showed mild to moderate improvement | Unreported | Can improve MDD symptoms |
DLFPC: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; HDRS-21: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21; DTMS: Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation; HAMD-21: 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; VLPFC: Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; MDD: Major depressive disorder.