Table 4.
Results from GEE models accounting for correlation within provider for first-line prescribing for appropriate duration for all encounters with an antibiotic. Univariate and multivariable models are presented; multivariable models are adjusted for all factors listed in the table.
| Characteristic | First-line prescription for appropriate duration | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate models | Multivariable model | |||
| Odds ratios (95% CI) | P value | Odds ratios (95% CI) | P value | |
| Diagnosis, N (%) | ||||
| Pharyngitis | 3.04 (2.53, 3.66) | 3.04 (2.53, 3.66) | 3.76 (3.04, 4.64) | <.001 |
| Sinusitis | 1.04 (0.89, 1.23) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.23) | 1.34 (1.11, 1.62) | <.001 |
| Otitis media | Ref | Ref | ||
| Age, per 1-year increase | 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) | <.001 | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | <.001 |
| Female, N (%) | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.98 (0.94, 1.01) | .142 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | .003 |
| White race, N (%) | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.81 (0.76, 0.86) | <.001 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | .006 |
| Hispanic ethnicity, N (%) | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.82, 0.92) | <.0001 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | .659 |
| Clinic type, N (%) | ||||
| InstaCare | Ref | Ref | ||
| KidsCare | 1.38 (1.16, 1.64) | <.001 | 1.33 (1.01, 1.75) | .044 |
| Provider type, N (%) | ||||
| MD/DO | Ref | Ref | ||
| APC (NP/PA) a | 0.92 (0.76, 1.13) | .4322 | 1.13 (0.74, 1.74) | .564 |
| Penicillin allergy, N (%) | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | <.001 | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | <.001 |
a
APC (NP/PA): Advanced practice clinician (nurse practitioner/physician assistant).