Table 4:
Supplementary fibrous and hydrogel-based nanomaterials employed as tissue adhesives in surgery.
| Composition | Architecture | Mode of Administration | Ex Vivo Tissue Type Used | Adhesion Strength (kPa) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poly(dopamine)–poly(acrylamide) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Human skin (self, in vivo) | 17 | (Han, Yan, et al., 2017) |
| Gelatin-grafted-dopamine and poly(dopamine)-coated carbon nanotubes | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 6 | (Liang, Zhao, Hu, Han, et al., 2019) |
| Catechol modified methacryloyl chitosan | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 18 | (L. Wang et al., 2020) |
| Cross-linked poly(glycerol sebacate)-co-poly(ethylene glycol)-g-catechol and ureido-pyrimidinone modified gelatin | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 5 | (Zhao et al., 2020) |
| Dopamine-grafted oxidized sodium alginate and poly(acrylamide) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin | 6 | (T. Chen et al., 2018) |
| N-carboxyethyl chitosan and benzaldehyde-terminated Pluronic F127/carbon nanotubes | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 8 | (J. He et al., 2020) |
| Quaternized chitosan-tannic acid-ferric iron | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 70 | (Guo et al., 2022) |
| Quaternized chitosan and benzaldehyde-terminated Pluronic®F127 | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 6 | (Qu et al., 2018) |
| Sodium alginate-chitosan-poly(acrylamide) | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 15 | (Tang et al., 2020) |
| Quaternized chitosan-g-polyaniline and benzaldehyde functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(glycerol sebacate) | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 5 | (Zhao, Wu, et al., 2017) |
| Dual-crosslinked chitosan via trans-cyclooctene/tetrazine and four armed poly(ethylene glycol) | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 16 | (S. Li et al., 2020) |
| Hyaluronic acid-graft-dopamine and reduced graphene oxide | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 5 | (Liang, Zhao, Hu, Chen, et al., 2019) |
| Poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide) with gelatin | Hydrogel | Injection | Rat skin | 100 | (Turabee et al., 2019) |
| Poly(γ-glutamic acid) and dopamine | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 50 | (W. Chen et al., 2017) |
| Dopamine conjugated gelatin macromer | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin | 25 | (Fan et al., 2016) |
| Poly(dopamine)−chondroitin sulfate−poly(acrylamide) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin | 20 | (Han et al., 2018) |
| Poly(acrylic acid)−poly(acrylamide)−poly(dopamine) with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Hog skin | 12 | (X. He et al., 2019) |
| Dopamine-modified four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) with Laponite nanosilicate | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig aorta | 8 | (Y. Liu et al., 2014) |
| Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with dopamine and silica nanoparticles | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Cow aorta | 4.5 | (Pinnaratip et al., 2018) |
| Quaternized chitosan-poly(dopamine) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Mice liver | 24 | (M. Li et al., 2020) |
| Poly(dopamine)−sodium alginate−polyacrylamide | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin | 25 | (Suneetha et al., 2019) |
| Hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ester) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin / pig aorta | 40 / 60 | (H. Zhang et al., 2015) |
| Eight arm poly(ethylene glycol)-N-hydrosuccinimide ester and tannic acid | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 50 | (Sun et al., 2020) |
| Four arm poly(ethylene glycol)-N-hydrosuccinimide ester | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 20 | (Bu et al., 2019) |
| Poly(glycerol sebacate)-acrylate and alginate nanoparticles | Hydrogel (glue) | Injection | Pig aorta | 15 | (Y. Lee et al., 2015) |
| Poly(allylamine)−hydrocaffeic acid with catechol and Laponite | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 17 | (J. N. Lee et al., 2021) |
| Poly(glycerol sebacate acrylate) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Cow aorta / pig intestine | 12.5 / 10 | (Lang et al., 2014) |
| Corticosteroid-modified gelatin particles | Particle suspension | Dropwise | Pig intestine | 8 | (Nishiguchi & Taguchi, 2020) |
| Hydroxyapatite with poly(dimethylacrylamide) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Mouse skin | 42 | (Okada et al., 2017) |
| Antimicrobial peptide in gelatin methacryloyl | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig gingiva | 55 | (Shirzaei Sani, Portillo Lara, et al., 2019) |
| Gelatin | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin | 90 | (Shirzaei Sani, Kheirkhah, et al., 2019) |
| Poly(diolcitrate) with poly(methyl methacrylate) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin | 70 | (Z. Wang et al., 2021) |
| Gelatin and chondroitin sulfate | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 30 | (Zhou et al., 2021) |
| Methacryloyl-substituted tropoelastin | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin / rat artery | 75 / 60 | (Annabi et al., 2017) |
| Poly(acrylamide-methyl acrylate-acrylic acid) | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig intestine | 8 | (Anthis et al., 2021) |
| Gelatin methacryloyl | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 45 | (Assmann et al., 2017) |
| Hydrocaffeic acid-modified chitosan with chitosan lactate | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin | 8 | (Du et al., 2020) |
| Gelatin methacryloyl with N-(2-aminoethyl)−4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)−2-methoxy-5-nitrosophenoxy) butanamide with hyaluronic acid | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig intestine | 40 | (Hong et al., 2019) |
| 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine and hyaluronic acid | Hydrogel | Injection | Pig skin / rat bladder | 120 / 140 | (H. J. Kim et al., 2015) |
| Silk fibroin with tannic acid | Hydrogel | Prefabricated | Pig skin / pig aorta | 125 / 85 | (Bai et al., 2019) |