. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Apr 11;71(8):2495–2505. doi: 10.1111/jgs.18353

Table 2 –

Risk of disability free survival, death, dementia, persistent disability or hospitalization outcomes by baseline PIMs exposure, based on modified 2019 AGS Beers Criteria^{^®}

	No PIM (n=11,718)		PIM (n=7,396)		Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)^a
	N	Rate per 1000 person years (95% CI)	N	Rate per 1000 person years (95% CI)	Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)^a
Loss of disability free survival ^b	1086	20.5 (19.3, 21.7)	749	22.7 (21.1, 24.4)	1.12 (1.02, 1.23)	1.03 (0.94, 1.13)
Death	655	12.0 (11.2, 13.0)	397	11.7 (10.6, 12.9)	0.98 (0.86, 1.11)	0.92 (0.81, 1.05)
Incident^c disability	197	4.1 (3.6, 4.8)	215	7.3 (6.4, 8.4)	1.8 (1.50, 2.20)	1.47 (1.21, 1.80)
Incident dementia^c	357	6.9 (6.2, 7.6)	218	6.7 (5.9, 7.7)	0.98 (0.83, 1.17)	0.93 (0.79, 1.11)

Incident Hospitalization	4196	95.5 (92.6, 98.4)	3245	126.3 (122.0, 130.1)	1.33 (1.20, 1.40)	1.26 (1.20, 1.32)

Adjusted for sex, age, country, years of education (<12y, vs 12y+), frailty, average gait speed, hypertension, diabetes, and the presence of depression.

Composite of first occurance of death from any cause, incident dementia or incident physical disability

Incident includes the first occurance of disability or dementia regardless of whether the event was preceded by another event of interest (e.g. incident disability includes the first occurrence of disability regardless of whether that disability was preceded by dementia)