Table 3 –
Risk of disability free survival, death, dementia, disability and hospitalization outcomes by baseline PIMs exposure, based on modified 2019 AGS Beers Criteria®, stratified by polypharmacy status
| No PIM (n=11,718) |
PIM (n=7,396) |
Adjusteda Hazard Ratio |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Rate per 1000 person years (95% CI) |
N | Rate per 1000 person years (95% CI) |
HR (95%CI) | ||||
| No polypharmacy (n = 14,026 ) | ||||||||
| Loss of disability free survival b | 846 | 18.8 (17.6, 20.2) | 341 | 18.2 (16.3, 20.2) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | |||
| Death | 509 | 11.1 (10.1, 12.1) | 188 | 9.8 (8.5, 11.3) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | |||
| Incident disabilityc | 137 | 3.4 (2.9, 4.0) | 86 | 5.1 (4.2, 6.4) | 1.41 (1.07, 1.86) | |||
| Incident dementiac | 297 | 6.8 (6.0, 7.6) | 109 | 5.9 (4.9, 7.4) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.08) | |||
| Incident Hospitalization | 3368 | 89.2 (86.3, 92.3) | 1699 | 114.2 (108.9, 119.7) | 1.23 (1.16, 1.31) | |||
| Polypharmacy (n= 5088) | ||||||||
| Loss of disability free survival b | 240 | 29.7 (26.2, 33.7) | 408 | 28.7 (25.9, 31.6) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | |||
| Death | 146 | 17.4 (14.8, 20.5) | 209 | 14.1 (12.3, 16.2) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.06) | |||
| Incident disabilityc | 60 | 8.4 (6.5, 10.8) | 129 | 10.3 (8.7, 12.2) | 1.16 (0.84, 1.57) | |||
| Incident dementiac | 60 | 7.6 (5.9, 9.8) | 109 | 7.8 (6.5, 9.4) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.46) | |||
| Incident Hospitalization | 828 | 133.5 (124.8, 143.0) | 1546 | 143.0 (136.0, 150.3) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | |||
a
Adjusted for sex, age, country, years of education (<12y, vs 12y+), frailty, average gait speed, hypertension, diabetes, and the presence of depression.
b
Composite endpoints of death from any cause, incident dementia or incident physical disability.
c
Incident includes the first occurance of disability or dementia regardless of whether the event was preceded by another event of interest (e.g. incident disability includes the first occurrence of disability regardless of whether that disability was preceded by dementia).