A, Comparison of plasma IL-1ra levels in children with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 NPODs on each day. Day 1 IL-1ra levels were significantly different between all NPOD groups, except for 0 vs 1 NPODs. Day 2 IL-1ra levels were significantly different between all NPOD groups except for 1 vs 2 NPODs and 2 vs 3 or more NPODs. Day 3 IL-1ra levels were all significantly different except for those between 0 vs 1 NPODs and 2 vs 3 or more NPODs. B, Comparison of plasma IL-8 levels in children with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 NPODs on each day. Day 1 IL-8 levels were significantly different between all NPOD groups. Day 2 IL-8 levels between all groups were significantly different except for 1 vs. 2 NPODS. Day 3 IL-8 levels were significantly different except for 2 vs. ≥3 NPODs. Brackets indicate p <0.05 determined by post-hoc analysis using the Dunn’s test. Numbers in bars indicate the number of subjects per group on each day. Analysis included 432 individuals with at least 1 and up to 3 samples assayed for IL-1ra and/or IL-8 on days 0–5. IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, NPOD, nonpulmonary organ dysfunction, IL-8, interleukin-8.