Figure 1.

Study overview. We applied our validated ECG-AI model to samples with ECG data in the UK Biobank. After excluding participants who withdrew consent, had missing CHARGE-AF components, were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) before ECG examination, did not have follow-up information or failed sample QC procedures, 39,987 remained in the discovery set, in which we performed GWAS and post-GWAS analyses. Among the 446,963 remaining genotyping samples, 424,411 did not withdraw consent, were not < 3rd-degree relatives with individuals in the GWAS set, were not diagnosed with AF before enrollment, had follow-up information, and did not fail sample QC procedures. We calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) using the GWAS results and associated the PRS with incident AF in this subset.