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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Circ Genom Precis Med. 2023 Jun 6;16(4):340–349. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGEN.122.003808

Figure 4. — Mendelian Randomization analysis between P wave duration, body height, and atrial fibrillation (AF). The figure displays Mendelian randomization results assessing ECG P wave duration (top panel) and body heigh (bottom panel) for relations with genetically predicted ECG-AI risk. Mendelian randomization effect sizes are graphed on the x-axis. Dots represent point estimates and bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Dashed gray lines represent zero effect sizes. The five Mendelian randomization methods used in this analysis are shown in the y-axis.

Figure 4. — Mendelian Randomization analysis between P wave duration, body height, and atrial fibrillation (AF). The figure displays Mendelian randomization results assessing ECG P wave duration (top panel) and body heigh (bottom panel) for relations with genetically predicted ECG-AI risk. Mendelian randomization effect sizes are graphed on the x-axis. Dots represent point estimates and bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Dashed gray lines represent zero effect sizes. The five Mendelian randomization methods used in this analysis are shown in the y-axis.