Wild type mice were subjected to TAC surgery and administered control DMSO-loaded nanoparticles (NP-DMSO) or verteporfin-loaded nanoparticles (NP-VP) for 2 weeks. (A) Collagen deposition was determined by PSR staining after TAC. (B) Capillary density was determined by isolectin B4 (IB4; green), WGA (red), and DAPI (blue) co-staining in LV tissue after TAC. (C) Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were determined by TUNEL assay with cTNT counterstaining after TAC. (D) Quantitative PCR was performed using RNA isolated from LV tissue after TAC. (E) The concentration of IL-1β protein was measured by ELISA in blood serum collected 2 weeks after TAC. (F) qPCR was performed using RNA from LV tissue after TAC. (G) VEGF protein was measured by ELISA in LV tissue. Scale bar, 100 μm. N = 3-4 mice/group. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. P values were determined by unpaired, two-tailed Student t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.