Table 1:

Description of the 600 children with oral swab samples recruited at two sites in Johannesburg, South Africa, 22 May 2017–16 August 2018.

	Children Living with HIV	Children Not infected
Total	477	123
Mean (std) Age in years	10.8 (1.3)	10.8 (1.7)
[min max]	[7.8 – 14.0]	[7.5 – 14.1]
Tanner Stage
1	247 (52%)	61 (50%)
2	180 (38%)	38 (31%)
3	32 (7%)	16 (13%)
4	14 (3%)	8 (6%)
5	4 (<1%)	0
Male	217 (45%)	74 (60%)
Female	260 (55%)	49 (40%)
Current ART regimen
Efavirenz-based	176 (37%)
Lopinavir/ritonavir-based	290 (61%)
Other	11 (2%)
Viral load at oral swab
Below 50 copies/ml	431 (91%)
50–999 copies/ml	19 (4%)
≥1000	25 (5%)
Missing	2
Mother’s HIV status
Living with HIV	477 (100%)	42 (34%)
Not living with HIV		78 (63%)
Unknown		3 (2%)
CD4 count at oral swab
Mean (std) [Min, Max]	927 (308) [165 to 2358]
Age at ART start
<90 days	173 (36%)
90–179 days	128 (27%)
180–364 days	89 (19%)
365–730 days	83 (17%)
>730	4 (<1%)
Age in days at ART start
Median [p25, p75]	133 [60, 275]
Mean (std) [Min, Max]	201 (181) [24, 985]
Time on ART (years)
Mean (std) [Min, Max]	10.3 (1.3) [6.2 to 12.7]
Pre-ART Plasma Viral load
<100,000 copies/ml	35 (7%)
100,000 to 750,000	133 (28%)
>750,000 copies/ml	243 (51%)
Missing	66
Pre-ART CD4%
Mean (std) [Min, Max]	26.1 (11.3) [1.4 to 56.1]
Starting regimen
Lopinavir/ritonavir-based	426 (89%)
Ritonavir-based	46 (10%)
Other	5 (1%)