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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spine J. 2023 Apr 21;23(9):1375–1388. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.04.012

Figure 4:

Figure 4:

EP caused IVD degeneration. A) Histology with thin sections stained with Safranin-O/Fast green and thick ground and polished sections stained with Toluidine Blue. Red arrows indicating EP defect. B) IVD degeneration grading using Scoring System [49]. **, *** and **** indicate significant differences with p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.0001 respectively.