Table 1.
Age-Standardized1 Baseline Characteristics in 2011 (N=27,008)
| Everyday Racism | Lifetime Racism | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (least racism experienced) n (4955) |
Quartile 4 (most racism experienced) n (5637) |
No to all 3 racism questions n (9818) |
Yes to all 3 racism questions n (3094) |
|
| Age (years) (Mean (SD)) | 56.3 (10.9) | 51.4 (8.7) | 53.2 (10.3) | 54.9 (9.1) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) (%) | ||||
| <25 | 26 | 19 | 23 | 21 |
| 25–30 | 27 | 24 | 26 | 25 |
| ≥30 | 41 | 51 | 44 | 47 |
| Education (years) (%) | ||||
| ≤12 | 13 | 10 | 15 | 6 |
| 13–15 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 23 |
| 16 | 29 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
| >16 | 32 | 38 | 31 | 45 |
| Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status (quintiles) (%) | ||||
| Lowest quintile | 19 | 19 | 20 | 16 |
| Middle quintile | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Highest quintile | 18 | 18 | 16 | 21 |
| Missing | 7 | 9 | 8 | 9 |
| Geographic Region (%) | ||||
| Northeast | 23 | 22 | 22 | 23 |
| South | 41 | 35 | 42 | 30 |
| Midwest | 20 | 22 | 19 | 23 |
| West | 16 | 21 | 16 | 23 |
| Parity (number) (%) | ||||
| Nulliparous | 25 | 26 | 24 | 25 |
| 1 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 26 |
| 2 | 28 | 26 | 28 | 27 |
| ≥3 | 19 | 21 | 19 | 22 |
| History of Type 2 Diabetes (%) | 14 | 17 | 16 | 14 |
| Cigarette Smoking (%) | ||||
| Current | 7 | 10 | 8 | 8 |
| Past | 22 | 26 | 22 | 28 |
| Never | 71 | 65 | 70 | 64 |
| Recent Dental Cleaning (%) | 82 | 81 | 81 | 83 |
| Coping – Accept (%) | ||||
| Accept racism as a fact of life | 23 | 38 | 31 | 33 |
| Try to do something about racism | 69 | 61 | 63 | 66 |
| Missing | 9 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
| Coping – Discuss (%) | ||||
| Talk to others about experience(s) | 84 | 86 | 84 | 89 |
| Keep experience(s) to oneself | 7 | 13 | 9 | 10 |
| Missing | 9 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
1
All variables, except for age, were standardized to the 2011 age distribution of the BWHS sample.