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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biometrics. 2022 Jul 11;79(3):2649–2663. doi: 10.1111/biom.13713

Table 4.

Estimated log hazard ratios for childhood obesity and log odds ratios for childhood asthma (β) and standard errors (SE) based on various data and estimators. IPW=inverse probability weighted estimator; RakingNv=generalized raking with the naive influence function; RakingMI=generalized raking with the multiply imputed influence function.

Log hazard ratios for childhood obesity
Phase 1 IPW RakingNv RakingMI
β SE β SE β SE β SE
Maternal weight gain (kg/wk) 0.87 0.18 1.17 0.33 1.06 0.27 1.00 0.26
Maternal BMI (5 kg/m2) 0.28 0.02 0.32 0.03 0.32 0.03 0.32 0.03
Maternal age (10 yrs) −0.05 0.04 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.11
Maternal race, Black −0.03 0.06 −0.24 0.14 −0.24 0.14 −0.24 0.14
Maternal race, Asian 0.24 0.11 0.08 0.25 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.25
Maternal race, other/unknown 0.41 0.08 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.17
Maternal ethnicity, Hispanic 0.72 0.06 0.95 0.15 0.95 0.14 0.94 0.14
Maternal diabetes, gestational 0.12 0.06 −0.54 0.22 −0.54 0.22 −0.54 0.22
Maternal diabetes, type 1/2 0.13 0.12 −0.19 0.27 −0.15 0.26 −0.15 0.26
Cesarean delivery 0.12 0.05 0.17 0.10 0.17 0.10 0.17 0.10
Child sex, male 0.12 0.05 −0.15 0.10 −0.15 0.10 −0.14 0.10
Maternal depression 0.08 0.08 −0.19 0.18 −0.17 0.18 −0.16 0.18
No private insurance 0.18 0.05 0.60 0.14 0.59 0.14 0.59 0.14
Singleton 0.44 0.21 −0.00 0.33 0.03 0.32 0.02 0.32
Maternal smoking 0.32 0.10 0.48 0.17 0.46 0.17 0.46 0.17
Married 0.32 0.13 0.31 0.13 0.31 0.13
Number prior live births −0.07 0.05 −0.08 0.05 −0.08 0.05
Gestational age (wks) 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02
Log odds ratios for childhood asthma
Phase 1 IPW RakingNv RakingMI
β SE β SE β SE β SE
Maternal weight gain (kg/wk) −0.54 0.31 0.48 0.73 0.25 0.74 0.26 0.74
Maternal BMI (5 kg/m2) 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.07
Maternal age (10 yrs) −0.18 0.07 −0.07 0.18 −0.08 0.17 −0.08 0.17
Maternal race, Black 0.71 0.09 1.25 0.26 1.28 0.25 1.28 0.25
Maternal race, Asian −0.34 0.22 0.76 0.53 0.78 0.52 0.79 0.52
Maternal race, other/unknown 0.05 0.19 0.49 0.36 0.45 0.36 0.45 0.36
Maternal ethnicity, Hispanic −0.09 0.14 0.20 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30
Maternal diabetes, gestational −0.38 0.14 −2.43 0.54 −2.33 0.53 −2.33 0.53
Maternal diabetes, type 1/2 0.10 0.20 0.51 0.50 0.53 0.48 0.54 0.48
Cesarean delivery 0.16 0.08 −0.15 0.21 −0.14 0.21 −0.14 0.21
Child sex, male 0.47 0.08 0.70 0.21 0.73 0.21 0.73 0.21
No private insurance 0.11 0.09 0.90 0.28 0.90 0.28 0.90 0.28
Maternal smoking −0.44 0.24 0.31 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.28
Maternal asthma 0.70 0.12 0.75 0.27 0.72 0.26 0.71 0.26
Gestational age (wks) −0.07 0.03 −0.07 0.03 −0.07 0.03