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. 2023 Sep 18;12(9):1773. doi: 10.3390/antiox12091773

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of anthocyanins’ derived metabolite on microbiota and cardiovascular system. Anthocyanins are metabolized by bacteria inhabiting the gut, producing different metabolites which exert their effect on the microbiota composition and on the cardiovascular system leading to an increase of beneficial bacteria and anti-inflammatory markers. Abbreviations: Gal (gallic acid); PCA (protocatechuic acid); SA (syringic acid); VA (vanillic acid).