Table 1.
Phosphocalcium metabolism abnormalities and post-COVID-19 complications: a comprehensive review of studies.
| Study | Study Design | Patients (n) | Age (Mean ± SD) | COVID-19 Severity | Duration of Hospitalization (Days) | Phosphocalcium Disorders | Other Complications | Comorbidity | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yiquin W et al. [29] | Retrospective | 125 | 55 ± 8.9 years | Mild | 13 ± 3.9 | Hypocalcemia: 64% | Pneumonia | Diabetes type 2 Hypertension Coronary heart disease |
China |
| Bálint D et al. [30] |
Multicenter study | 451 | 58.2 ± 10.3 years | Severe | 14 ± 3.9 | Hypocalcemia: 45% | Severe respiratory failures | Cirrhosis | Hungary |
| Wessam O et al. [31] | Prospective | 445 | 50 ± 12.1 years | Mild | 7.5 ± 2.1 | Hypocalcemia: 75% Hypovitaminosis D: 5% |
Chronic respiratory diseases | Diabetes Hypertension |
Oman |
| Meera M et al. [21] | Retrospective | 506 | 65 ± 7.2 years | Severe | 25.6 ± 4.7 | Hypocalcemia: 53% | Lymphopenia Hypoxia |
Obesity Hypertension Cancer |
England |
| Berta T et al. [32] | Retrospective | 316 | 65 ± 9.5 years | Severe | 19.3 ± 3.5 | Hypocalcemia: 63% | ICU admission | Cardiopathy Dyslipidemia Diabetes |
Spain |
| Jyot A et al. [33] | Prospective | 170 | 62 ± 11.7 years | Critical | 23.7 ± 5.2 | Hypocalcemia: 80% | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Hypertension Diabetes mellitus type 2 |
India |
| Jingmei L et al. [19] | Prospective | 69 | 68 ± 6.8 years | Severe | 14.1 ± 1.9 | Hypocalcemia: 62% | Pneumonia | Coronary heart disease Hypertension |
China |
| Rourang W et al. [4] | Case series | 435 | 57 ± 10.5 years | Severe | 10 ± 4 | Hypophosphatemia: 7.6% | Chronic liver disease | COPD Hypertension Diabetes mellitus |
China |
| Zijin C et al. [34] | Retrospective | 823 | 60.9 ± 14.9 years | Severe | 14.8 ± 6.3 | Hypophosphatemia: 10% | Acute liver injury | COPD Diabetes mellitus |
Hungary |
| Hannah W et al. [35] | Cross-sectional | 1226 | 61.2 ± 8.3 years | Severe | 13.5 ± 2.8 | Hypophosphatemia: 26% | Pneumonia | Cardiovascular disease Septic shock |
Italy |
| Marina V et al. [36] | Prospective | 104 | 59 ± 14 years | Critical | 20.3 ± 9 | Hypophosphatemia: 33% | Gastrointestinal problems | Diabetes Obesity |
Switzerland |
| Hadavi M et al. [37] | Retrospective | 1346 | 65.9 ± 1.1 years | Severe | 14 ± 6 | Hypophosphatemia: 10% | Respiratory failure | Cardiovascular disease Hypertension Autoimmune disease |
Iran |
| Kormann R et al. [38] | Retrospective | 42 | 63.4 ± 8 years | Severe | 19 ± 12.2 | Hypophosphatemia: 29% | Kidney disease | Hypertension Dyslipidemia COPD |
France |
| Charles L et al. [39] | Retrospective | 83 | 58 ± 12.7 years | Severe | 14 ± 3.1 | Hypophosphatemia: 18% | Gastrointestinal problems | Hypertension Diabetes Cancer |
Singapore |
Note: The table presents a comprehensive summary of studies investigating post-COVID-19 phosphocalcium metabolism changes. The studies are categorized based on their study design, and each row provides essential information, including the number of patients, age range, COVID-19 severity, duration of hospitalization, phosphocalcium findings, other complications, comorbidities and the country where the study was conducted. The table serves as a valuable reference to understand the impact of COVID-19 on phosphocalcium metabolism and associated complications.