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. 2023 Sep 8;12(9):1419. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12091419

Table 6.

Multivariate results of the intended use of antibiotics from friends and relatives.

Intended Use of Antibiotics from Friends and Relatives
Predictors § OR (95% CI) p-Value
Social Norms 0.054
How many of your friends or relatives get antibiotics from another country?
  None 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
  Some 2.52 (0.92–6.93) 0.072
  All/Most/About Half 2.51 (1.07–5.85) 0.034
  Don’t Know/Don’t remember 0.95 (0.34–2.64) 0.918
Sociodemographics
  Education 0.017
    Less than High School 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
    High school or GED 0.53 (0.24–1.19) 0.126
    Some College or Above 0.32 (0.14–0.7) 0.004
Prior Non-prescription Use
  No Prior Use 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
  Prior Use 10.59 (5.0–22.43) <0.001
Barriers To Healthcare Access
For your medical appointments in the last 12 months, how much of a problem are:
High cost of doctor visits
  Not a problem 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
  A problem 3.16 (1.38–7.21) 0.006

§ The following predictors were not significant in the multivariate model: Acculturation (Language Use Subscale, Media Subscale, and Ethnic Social Relations Subscale); Subjective Norms (How many of your friends or relatives get antibiotics without contacting a doctor?); Sociodemographics (Age, Sex, Insurance, and Country of Birth); and Barriers to Healthcare Access (For your medical appointments in the last 12 months, how much of a problem are transportation, a language barrier, and not having a regular doctor?).