Table 1.
Examples of photodynamic action of curcumin against various micro-organisms.
| Type of Micro-Organisms |
Type of Light/Curcumin Formula Used | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||
| Streptococcus mutans | 405 nm LED, curcumin and Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract | [9] |
| “oral” bacteria | 455 nm LED, curcumin solution | [86] |
| Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli | 405 nm LED, curcumin@Ag core/shell structure fiber membrane | [83] |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Blue light, curcumin solution | [88] |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Biotable® device 450 nm, curcumin solution | [89] |
| Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm | 450 nm LED, curcumin solution | [90] |
| Propionibacterium acnes | 462 nm LED, curcumin solution | [91] |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 470 nm LED, curcumin solution | [92] |
| Enterococcus faecalis | Blue LED, curcumin solution | [93] |
| Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans | 420-480 nm LED, curcumin solution | [94] |
| Fungi | ||
| Candida albicans and other candidas | 455 nm LED, curcumin solution | [79,80,95] |
| Spores and cells of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans and Zygosaccharomyces bailii | 500-Watt Xenon arc lamp, 370–680 nm, curcumin solution (propylene glycol and water) | [96] |
| Trichophyton rubrum | 420 nm LED, curcumin solution | [97] |