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. 2023 Sep 12;12(9):1229. doi: 10.3390/biology12091229

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Compound AKT-1005 pre-treatment reduced mitochondrial-derived ROS production in 2% O2-exposed human villous explants. (a) Immunofluorescent staining of MitoSOX Red (A–F and A+–F+, superoxide) in human villous explants treated with 100 μM AKT-1005 and 100 μM MitoTEMPO for 30 min, then exposed to 24 h of 2% hypoxia. A bright red color indicates the intensity of MitoSOX Red immunofluorescent staining and correlates with the level of superoxide production. Scale bar: 200 µm. (b) Quantitation of MitoSOX Red immunofluorescence in trophoblasts: the mean optical density of whole cell surface area was calculated in four high-power fields per sample (n = 4 per group). Mann-Whitney U test, median [IQR]. Abbreviation: MT = MitoTEMPO. Normoxia vs. Hypoxia: *: p < 0.05; Hypoxia vs. H+100 μM AKT-1005: *: p < 0.05; Hypoxia vs. H+100 µM MT: *: p < 0.05; and H+100 µM AKT-1005 vs. H+100 µM MT: *: p < 0.05.