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. 2023 Sep 13;10:1201789. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1201789

Table 1.

Characteristics of the four RPA groups for healthy physical activity (n = 739).

Demographics Responsive (n = 146) Avoidance (n = 265) Proactive (n = 114) Indifference (n = 214) F/χ2, p-value
M ± SD/n(%) M ± SD/n(%) M ± SD/n(%) M ± SD/n(%)
Male (%) 62 (42.5) 108 (40.8) 50 (43.9) 66 (30.8) 8.195, 0.042
Age (years) 54.95 ± 15.56a 41.96 ± 13.06b 43.32 ± 16.82b 36.45 ± 15.06c 46.321, < 0.001
Education level 76.478, < 0.001
 Junior school or below 46 (31.5) 27 (10.2) 25 (21.9) 21 (9.8)
 Middle/high school 62 (42.5) 86 (32.5) 28 (24.6) 49 (22.9)
 College or above 38 (26.0) 152 (57.4) 61 (53.5) 144 (67.3)
Marital status 48.664, < 0.001
 Single 24 (16.4) 57 (21.5) 30 (26.3) 98 (45.8)
 Married 122 (83.6) 208 (78.5) 84 (73.7) 116 (54.2)
Employed (%) 51 (34.9) 187 (70.6) 79 (69.3) 156 (72.9) 67.249, < 0.001
BMI (Kg/m2) 23.49 ± 3.00a 23.33 ± 4.32a 22.10 ± 2.63b 22.96 ± 4.47ab 3.325, 0.019
Subjective health status 25.686, < 0.001
 Excellent/good 129 (88.4) 194 (73.2) 104 (91.2) 181 (84.6)
 Fair/poor 17 (11.6) 71 (26.8) 10 (8.8) 33 (15.4)
CVD family history 11 (7.5) 34 (12.8) 9 (7.9) 14 (6.5) 6.707, 0.082
CVD knowledge 5.82 ± 1.67a 5.76 ± 1.88a 5.86 ± 2.01a 5.65 ± 2.08a 0.377, 0.770
10-year CVD risk (%) 79.352, < 0.001
 Low risk 54 (37.0) 178 (67.2) 78 (68.4) 172 (80.4)
 Moderate risk 61 (41.8) 61 (23.0) 27 (23.7) 20 (9.3)
 High risk 31 (21.2) 26 (9.8) 9 (7.9) 22 (10.3)
CVD risk perception 19.85 ± 2.21a 20.15 ± 2.33a 13.07 ± 2.57b 12.64 ± 3.08b 479.516, < 0.001
PA efficacy belief 2.77 ± 0.37a 3.81 ± 0.24b 3.82 ± 0.24a 2.59 ± 0.62c 395.871, < 0.001
Healthy PA (%) 90 (61.6)a 43(16.2)b 24(21.1)b 23(10.7)b 141.868, < 0.001

BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; PA, physical activity.

Responsive = high risk perception + high PA efficacy belief; Avoidance = high risk perception + low PA efficacy belief; Proactive = low risk perception + high PA efficacy belief; Indifference = low risk perception + low PA efficacy belief.

Entries sharing the same subscripts are not different at p < 0.05.