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. 2023 Sep 13;10:1201789. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1201789

Table 2.

Characteristics of the four RPA groups for a healthy diet (n = 739).

Demographics Responsive (n = 186) Avoidance (n = 225) Proactive (n = 143) Indifference (n = 185) F2, p-value
M ± SD/n(%) M ± SD/n(%) M ± SD/n(%) M ± SD/n(%)
Male (%) 84 (45.2) 86 (38.2) 53 (37.1) 63 (34.1) 5.140, 0.162
Age (years) 52.29 ± 14.94a 41.85 ± 13.95b 44.04 ± 16.83bc 34.82 ± 14.13d 43.759, < 0.001
Education level 105.632, < 0.001
 Junior school or below 47 (25.3) 26 (11.6) 28 (19.6) 18 (9.7)
 Middle/high school 96 (51.6) 52 (23.1) 41 (28.7) 36 (19.5)
 College or above 43 (23.1) 147 (65.3) 74 (51.7) 131 (70.8)
Marital status 93.709, < 0.001
 Single 30 (16.1) 51 (22.7) 25 (17.5) 103 (55.7)
 Married 156 (83.9) 174 (77.3) 118 (82.5) 82 (44.3)
Employed (%) 81 (43.5) 157 (69.8) 90 (62.9) 145 (78.4) 53.700, < 0.001
BMI (Kg/m2) 23.96 ± 3.65a 22.92 ± 4.05b 22.48 ± 3.36bc 22.81 ± 4.35bd 4.664, 0.003
Subjective health status 11.331, 0.010
 Excellent/good 142 (76.3) 181 (80.4) 120 (83.9) 165 (89.2)
 Fair/poor 44 (23.7) 44 (19.6) 23 (16.1) 20 (10.8)
CVD family history 18 (9.6) 27 (12.0) 5 (3.5) 18 (9.7) 7.792, 0.051
CVD knowledge 5.65 ± 1.75a 5.89 ± 1.85a 5.84 ± 1.92a 5.63 ± 2.15a 0.936, 0.423
10-year CVD risk (%) 139.821, < 0.001
 Low risk 60 (32.3) 172 (76.4) 93 (65.0) 157 (84.9)
 Moderate risk 91 (48.9) 31 (13.8) 29 (20.3) 18 (9.7)
 High risk 35 (18.8) 22 (9.8) 21 (14.7) 10 (5.4)
CVD risk perception 19.92 ± 2.14a 20.14 ± 2.40a 13.45 ± 2.63b 12.28 ± 3.03c 493.710, < 0.001
HD efficacy belief 3.76 ± 0.25a 2.91 ± 0.24b 3.77 ± 0.25a 2.66 ± 0.60c 440.945, < 0.001
Healthy diet (%) 123 (66.1)a 54(24.0)b 44(30.8)b 11(5.9)c 165.556, < 0.001

BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; HD, healthy diet.

 Responsive = high risk perception high HD efficacy belief; Avoidance = high risk perception + low HD efficacy belief; Proactive = low risk perception + high HD efficacy belief; Indifference = low risk perception + low HD efficacy belief.

Entries sharing the same subscripts are not different at p < 0.05.