Table 1.
Characteristics of different surgical techniques used for cartilage repair.
| Technique | Type of Surgery |
Size of Defects |
Long-Term Results |
Tissue Neoformed | Adverse Events | Cost | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microfractures | Minimally invasive | Small | Limited | Fibrocartilage | Risk of re-operation | Low | [5,6,7,8] |
| OATS/ Mosaicplasty |
Invasive | Small to large | Limited | Hyaline cartilage |
Related to donor site |
Medium | [9,10,11,12] |
| Allograft | Invasive | Small to large | Limited | Hyaline cartilage |
Allograft rejection |
Medium | [13,14,15] |
| MSCs | Invasive | Small to large | Limited | Fibrocartilage | Risk of re-operation | High | [21,22,23] |
| ACI | Invasive | Small to large | Durable | Hyaline cartilage |
Related to periosteum harvesting | High | [24,25] |
| MACI | Invasive | Small to large | Durable | Hyaline cartilage |
Soft tissue with low cellularity | High | [26,27] |
OATS, osteochondral autograft transfer system; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; ACI, autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI, membrane-assisted chondrocyte implantation.