Effect of high-glucosinolate-containing doubled haploid lines (HGSL DHLs) (DH005, DH014, and DH026) on RAW264.7 cell viability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediator expression. (a) Cell viability was assessed by treating RAW264.7 cells with HGSL DHLs or the pak choi extract for 24 h at indicated concentrations, followed by MTT assays. (b) RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with HGSL DHLs or the pak choi extract for 1 h and stimulated with LPS for 24 h. NO production was measured in the culture media using the Griess assay. (c,d) Cells were pretreated with L-NMMA (200 μM), HGSL DHLs, or the pak choi extract for 1 h and stimulated with LPS for 24 h. The protein expression levels of iNOS and COX2 were assessed with Western blotting. The expression of iNOS and COX2 was quantified using ImageJ software V1.53k and normalized to the β-actin protein levels. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) with statistical significance as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared to the LPS-only or pak choi-treated group.