Figure 3.

Effect of DH005, DH014, and DH026 on antioxidant gene expression. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with HGSL DHLs or the pak choi extract for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 8 h. (a) The mRNA levels of Gclc, Nqo1, and Hmox1 were measured with real-time qRT-PCR and normalized to Gadph mRNA levels. (b) HMOX1 protein expression was detected with Western blotting. The expression of HMOX-1 was quantified using ImageJ software and normalized to β-actin protein levels. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments with statistical significance indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared to the LPS-only or pak choi-treated group.