Figure 4.

Effect of HGSL DHLs on NRF2 activation. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with DH005, DH014, DH026, or the pak choi extract for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 2 h. The levels of NRF2 were measured using Western blotting in cytoplasmic and nuclear lysates. The nuclear translocation of NRF2 was quantified by comparing the levels of NRF2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments with statistical significance indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared to the LPS-only or pak choi-treated group.