Effects of HGSL DHLs on pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and the phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF-κB. (a) RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with DH005, DH014, DH026, or the pak choi extract for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 8 h. The mRNA expression levels of Il1b, Il6, and Tnf were measured using real-time qRT-PCR and normalized to Gapdh mRNA levels. (b) RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with HGSL DHLs or pak choi for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 5 or 24 h. Phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and STAT3 were detected with Western blotting and normalized to total p65 and STAT3, respectively. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 denote statistically significant differences compared to the LPS-only treated group.