Table 4.
Antibiotic effects on terrestrial invertebrates and their commensal/associated microbiome.
| Antibiotics | Organism Microbiome ARGs |
Organism Microbiome Microbial Composition |
References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soil Concentration |
Organism Concentration | |||
| oxytetracycline (OTC) 10 mg/kg |
Enchytraeus crypticus: At 21 days 45.65 mg/kg |
- | OTC: decrease in Proteobacteria relative abundance, Moraxellaceae family from 15.6% to 2.64%. Planctomycetes relative abundance increase, Isosphaeraceae family from 16.9% to 28.5%. |
[118] |
| tetracycline (TET) oxytetracycline (OTC) chlortetracycline (CTC) doxycycline (DOX) sulfamethoxazole (SMX) sulfadiazine (SDZ) sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) sulfamonomethoxine (SMT) sulfaclozine sodium (SLC) sulfadimethoxine (SMN) sulfameter (SMT) sulfamerazine (SMR) norfloxacin (NOR) ciprofloxacin (CIP) ofloxacin (OFL) enrofloxacin (ENR) roxithromycin (RXM) |
Drawida gisti | Chicken manure condition: multiple drug resistance, beta-lactam resistance, MLSB (Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B) resistance and tetracycline resistance Sewage sludge condition: beta-lactam resistance |
- | [119] |