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. 2023 Sep 12;11(9):2513. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11092513

Figure 4.

Figure 4

mRNA expression of several ER stress-related genes in 2D cultured human corneal stroma fibroblasts (HCSFs). In the absence or presence of 1 nM or 5 nM TGF-β2, 2D cultured HCSF monolayers were prepared during 6 days of culture and subjected to qPCR analysis to estimate the mRNA expression of several ER stress-related genes, including three principal regulators, i.e., the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and their downstream factors including the glucose regulator protein (GRP)78, GRP94, the X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), spliced XBP1 (sXBP1), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). All experiments were performed in duplicate using fresh preparations (n = 5, in each setting). Data are shown as the arithmetic mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005, **** p < 0.001 (ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s multiple comparison test).