pPDLSCs contain a subset of senescent cells. The stemness genes SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG were more expressed in pPDLSCs than in hPDLSC * p < 0.05 (A), as well as the senescence genes p16 and p21, * p < 0.01 (B). Among hPDLSCs the β-Gal staining was negative, while for pPDLSCs many cells were β-Gal+, confirming the senescent state (C,D). The intra-cytoplasmic and -nucleus staining showed a subset of PDLSCs, contemporary expressing stemness (OCT4) and senescent (p21) markers (E), where x indicates the mean value of the % of PDLSCs positive for both OCT4 and p21. The immunofluorescence staining showed more cells co-expressing OCT4 and p21 (white arrows) in pPDLSCs than in hPDLSCs (F,G).