. 2023 Sep 8;12(18):2239. doi: 10.3390/cells12182239

Table 1.

Features of Zn-dependent fungal ADHs.

Organism	Enzyme	Substrate(s)	Cofactor(s)	Oligomeric State	Cellular Location	Metabolic Function	Reference
Aspergillus nidulans	ADHI	Acetaldehyde	NADH	Octameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation	[37]
	ADHII	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Unknown	Cytoplasm	Ethanol utilization under carbon starvation	[38]
	ADHIII	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Tetrameric	Unknown	Ethanol utilization under anaerobiosis	[39]
Botrytis cinerea	BcADH1	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation	[36]
Candida maltosa	CmADH1	Acetaldehyde	NAD⁺/H	Homo- and hetero- tetrameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation	[17]
	CmADH2A	Acetaldehyde	NADH	Homo- and hetero- tetrameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during xylose fermentation, under oxygen limitation
	CmADH2B	Acetaldehyde	NADH	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Candida utilis	ADH1	Ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol	NADPH	Unknown	Cytoplasm	Unknown	[18]
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici	Adh1	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Unknown	Unknown	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation/ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source	[35]
Kluyveromyces lactis	KlADHI	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Tetrameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation All four enzymes participate in the oxidation of ethanol for its use as a carbon source	[1,11,12]
	KlADHII	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Tetrameric	Cytoplasm
	KlADHIII	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Tetrameric	Mitochondria
	KlADHIV	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Tetrameric	Mitochondria
Metarhizium acridum	ADH1	Acetaldehyde	NADH	Unknown	Unknown	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation under hypoxic conditions	[40]
Metarhizium anisopliae	AdhIp	Acetaldehyde	NADH	Homo- tetrameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation	[41]
Mucor lusitanicus	ADH1	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Homo- tetrameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation/ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source	[33,34]
Neurospora crassa	ADH1	Primary alcohols	NADP⁺	Unknown	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation	[24]
Neurospora crassa	ADH3	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Cytoplasm	Ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source	[24]
Phanerochaete chrysosporium	Aryl alcohol dehydrogenase (PcAad1p)	Aryl- and linear aldehydes	NAD⁺/ NADPH/	Monomeric	Cytoplasm	Lignin degradation pathway Response to chemical stress	[42,43]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Adh1p	Acetaldehyde	NAD⁺/ NADH	Homo- tetrameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during glucose fermentation	[44]
	Adh2p	Ethanol	NAD⁺/ NADH	Homo- tetrameric	Cytoplasm	Ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source/ethanol production during glucose fermentation, in the absence of Adh1p	[4]
	Adh3p	Ethanol	NAD⁺/ NADH	Homo-tetrameric	Mitochondria	Ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source/ethanol production during glucose fermentation, in the absence of Adh1p
	Adh4p	Ethanol	NAD⁺/ NADH	Homodimeric	Mitochondria	Ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source
	Adh5p	Ethanol	NAD⁺/ NADH	Unknown	Cytoplasm	Ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source
	Adh6p	Cinnamyl alcohol	NADPH	Hetero-dimeric	Unknown	Degradation of lignin
	Adh7p	Cinnamyl alcohol	NADPH	Homodimeric	Unknown	Degradation of lignin
Scheffersomyces stipitis	SsADH1	Acetaldehyde/ethanol	NAD⁺/ NADH	Unknown	Cytoplasm	Ethanol production during xylose fermentation, under oxygen limitation/ Both enzymes participate in ethanol oxidation for its use as a carbon source	[16]
Scheffersomyces stipitis	SsADH2	Ethanol	NAD⁺	Unknown	Cytoplasm		[16]