ABCG2	ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2
AC	Adenocarcinoma
AD	Adenoma
AKT	Serine/threonine kinase Akt, or protein kinase B (PKB)
ALDH1	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1
APC	Adenomatous polyposis coli
BMPR1A	Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1A
BRAF	Protooncogene B-Raf; encodes protein called B-Raf
Brd/Id/Urd	Bromo-, iodo-deoxyuridine
CAMs	Cell adhesion molecules
CCND2	G1/S-specific cyclin-D2
CD44	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group), a cell-surface glycoprotein
Cdks	Cyclin-dependent kinases
CEA	Carcinoembryonic antigen
CCS	Colon cancer subtype
CI	Confidence interval
CIMP	CpG island methylator phenotype
CIN	Chromosomal instability
CMS	Consensus molecular subtype
CRC	Colorectal cancer
CRLM(s)	Colorectal cancer liver metastasis(es)
CSCs	Cancer stem cells
CSS	Cancer-specific survival
DCC	Deleted in colorectal cancer
DFS	Disease-free survival
EdU	5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER1 in humans)
EIF3H	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit H
EMT	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase or classical MAP kinase (MAPK)
FAP	Familial adenomatous polyposis
FCM	Flow cytometry
FDG	18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose
FLT	18-Fluoro-3-deoxy-3-fluorothymidine
GALT	Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
GI	Gastrointestinal
GLUT1	Glucose transporter 1
GREM1	Gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
HIF-1	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HNPCC	Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
HPs	Hyperplastic polyps
HPFs	High-power fields
HR	Hazard ratio
IGF-2	Insulin growth factor 2
IGFBP2	IGF binding protein 2
IHC	Immunohistochemistry
ISCs	Intestinal stem cells
ISH	In situ hybridization
JAK	Janus kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KRAS/K-ras	Kirsten rat sarcoma virus; encodes protein called K-Ras
LGR5	G-protein-coupled receptor 5
LKB1	Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11
LI	Labeling index
LS	Lynch syndrome
mAb(s)	Monoclonal antibody (antibodies)
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCC	Colorectal mutant cancer protein
MKI67	Marker of proliferation Ki-67 gene
MLH1, 2, 6	MutL homolog 1, 2, 6
MMR	DNA mismatch repair
MSI-H	High microsatellite instability
MSH2	MutS homolog 2
MSS	Microsatellite stable
MUTYH	E. coli MutY homolog
NCAMs	Neural cell adhesion molecules
OS	Overall survival
PCNA	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PFS	Progression-free survival
PI	Proliferating index
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
PKM2	Pyruvate kinase M2
PMS2	Mismatch repair endonuclease 2
PP1	Protein phosphatase 1
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten
RAS	Oncogene “Rat sarcoma virus” from three Ras genes: HRAS, KRAS and NRAS
RC	Rectal cancer
RFS	Relapse/recurrence-free survival
RT	Radiotherapy
RT-PCR/qRT-PCR	Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; quantitative real-time PCR
SMAD4	SMAD family member 4, Mothers Against DPP Homolog 4
SOX2	Transcription factor 2, known also as sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2
SPs	Serrated polyps
SPS	Serrated polyposis syndrome
SSLs	Sessile serrated lesions
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TCGA	The cancer genome atlas
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TMA	Tissue microarray
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TNM	Tumor-node-metastasis
TP53/p53	Tumor gene/protein 53
Tpot	The potential tumor doubling time
Ts	Duration of S phase
TS	Thymidylate synthase
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
Wnt/WNT	Gene wingless + integrated or int-1