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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2023 Jun 8;232:116361. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116361

Table 3.

Summary of estimated neighborhood deprivation and chemical group index associations, adjusted for individual-level covariates (Level 3 models).

Center Model Neighborhood Deprivation Chemical Group Indices DIC
2000 1990 1980 PCBs PAHs Pesticides I Pesticides II
Detroit 1 1.24 (0.84, 2.02) - - 1.23 (0.82, 1.83) 0.96 (0.71, 1.28) 0.83 (0.49, 1.27) 1.12 (0.79, 1.78) 257.7
2 - 1.14 (0.79, 1.69) - 1.28 (0.87, 1.91) 0.94 (0.69, 1.27) 0.81 (0.46, 1.25) 1.17 (0.77, 1.98) 249.7
3 - - 1.33 (0.94, 2.09) 1.17 (0.82, 1.73) 0.93 (0.66, 1.25) 0.86 (0.52, 1.29) 1.15 (0.79, 1.90) 239.1
4 1.24 (0.79, 2.27) 1.07 (0.65, 1.69) - 1.20 (0.81, 1.81) 0.95 (0.70, 1.27) 0.83 (0.48, 1.29) 1.20 (0.80, 2.07) 249.9
5 1.15 (0.70, 1.90) - 1.36 (0.94, 2.21) 1.15 (0.79, 1.73) 0.94 (0.68, 1.27) 0.87 (0.52, 1.34) 1.19 (0.81, 2.04) 239.0
6 - 1.08 (0.67, 1.65) 1.34 (0.93, 2.21) 1.16 (0.81, 1.71) 0.92 (0.66, 1.25) 0.89 (0.54, 1.35) 1.17 (0.79, 1.95) 239.7
7 1.01 (0.70, 1.48) 1.30 (0.93, 1.99) 1.23 (0.92, 1.81) 1.10 (0.78, 1.62) 0.88 (0.63, 1.17) 0.77 (0.44, 1.20) 1.13 (0.77, 1.85) 250.9
Iowa 1 1.07 (0.85, 1.38) - - 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) 0.92 (0.72, 1.12) 1.66 (1.09, 1.16) 0.60 (0.39, 0.83) 449.4
2 - 1.08 (0.88, 1.39) - 1.02 (0.80, 1.30) 0.91 (0.71, 1.12) 1.66 (1.09, 2.68) 0.63 (0.41, 0.90) 441.2
3 - - 1.48 (1.20, 1.89) 1.04 (0.80, 1.36) 0.94 (0.74, 1.17) 1.59 (1.03, 2.63) 0.61 (0.39, 0.90) 411.7
4 1.02 (0.79, 1.34) 1.07 (0.85, 1.44) - 1.02 (0.80, 1.31) 0.91 (0.72, 1.13) 1.59 (1.04, 2.56) 0.63 (0.41, 0.92) 441.5
5 1.03 (0.82, 1.34) - 1.46 (1.17, 1.89) 1.04 (0.81, 1.39) 0.94 (0.73, 1.17) 1.57 (1.01, 2.59) 0.62 (0.40, 0.92) 412.4
6 - 1.04 (0.83, 1.32) 1.47 (1.19, 1.94) 1.03 (0.79, 1.38) 0.92 (0.72, 1.15) 1.58 (1.03, 2.57) 0.64 (0.41, 0.98) 407.8
7 0.76 (0.55, 1.01) 1.15 (0.88, 1.50) 1.54 (1.26, 1.97) 1.04 (0.80, 1.39) 0.94 (0.73, 1.17) 1.70 (1.08, 2.82) 0.55 (0.33, 0.84) 408.2
Los Angeles 1 1.00 (0.82, 1.21) - - 1.22 (0.92, 1.70) 1.25 (0.94, 1.67) 0.95 (0.66, 1.38) 0.72 (0.44, 1.10) 388.9
2 - 1.02 (0.84, 1.27) - 1.18 (0.89, 1.63) 1.17 (0.90, 1.57) 0.89 (0.60, 1.28) 0.79 (0.50, 1.18) 384.0
3 - - 0.95 (0.76, 1.17) 1.18 (0.91, 1.63) 1.18 (0.90, 1.60) 0.86 (0.58, 1.22) 0.82 (0.52, 1.21) 355.5
4 0.95 (0.66, 1.27) 1.06 (0.78, 1.55) - 1.22 (0.91, 1.73) 1.18 (0.90, 1.59) 0.89 (0.60, 1.27) 0.79 (0.50, 1.22) 377.2
5 1.03 (0.82, 1.34) - 0.95 (0.73, 1.17) 1.25 (0.93, 1.79) 1.15 (0.89, 1.56) 0.88 (0.58, 1.25) 0.80 (0.48, 1.24) 347.5
6 - 1.06 (0.83, 1.44) 0.89 (0.67, 1.15) 1.17 (0.89, 1.61) 1.13 (0.87, 1.52) 0.85 (0.56, 1.26) 0.84 (0.54, 1.23) 350.0
7 0.97 (0.75, 1.25) 0.99 (0.81, 1.19) 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) 1.22 (0.93, 1.71) 1.25 (0.95, 1.72) 0.86 (0.57, 1.26) 0.78 (0.48, 1.19) 358.8
Seattle 1 1.02 (0.88, 1.20) - - 1.08 (0.85, 1.28) 1.04 (0.85, 1.28) 1.08 (0.79, 1.52) 0.80 (0.52, 1.15) 473.5
2 - 1.04 (0.88, 1.25) - 1.07 (0.83, 1.42) 1.07 (0.88, 1.34) 1.11 (0.80, 1.65) 0.75 (0.47, 1.09) 447.8
3 - - 1.11 (0.93, 1.34) 1.08 (0.85, 1.41) 1.03 (0.83, 1.29) 1.06 (0.78, 1.51) 0.75 (0.47, 1.08) 417.9
4 0.97 (0.75, 1.20) 1.07 (0.84, 1.41) - 1.07 (0.84, 1.41) 1.07 (0.87, 1.34) 1.09 (0.79, 1.58) 0.77 (0.48, 1.11) 447.9
5 1.03 (0.86, 1.25) - 1.12 (0.93, 1.38) 1.07 (0.83, 1.40) 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) 1.07 (0.79, 1.53) 0.75 (0.48, 1.10) 413.6
6 - 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) 1.08 (0.89, 1.35) 1.07 (0.84, 1.41) 1.08 (0.87, 1.37) 1.08 (0.80, 1.54) 0.76 (0.49, 1.12) 401.6
7 1.05 (0.87, 1.27) 0.81 (0.67, 0.99) 1.18 (0.98, 1.45) 1.09 (0.85, 1.45) 1.03 (0.84, 1.30) 1.04 (0.75, 1.47) 0.83 (0.54, 1.17) 424.5

Note: Quantities in the table represent posterior mean and 95% credible interval for the deprivation index odds ratio. Statistically significant associations are presented in bold text. DIC stands for deviance information criterion, where lower values indicate better-fitting models. Models (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) estimated neighborhood deprivation indices in (2000, 1990, 1980, 2000 and 1990, 2000 and 1980, 1990 and 1980, 2000 and 1990 and 1980), respectively.