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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2023 Jul 6;91(10):574–595. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000827

Table 2.

Outcome Type and Syndemic Categorization

Outcome Syndemic category
Abstinence HIV/Sexual risk
Adolescent marriage Other syndemic
Alcohol use Substance use
Body mass index Other syndemic
CD4 HIV/Sexual risk
Condom use/unprotected sex HIV/Sexual risk
Condom-protected intercourse HIV/Sexual risk
Contraception (other than condoms) HIV/Sexual risk
Lower depression Psychological wellbeing
Drug use Substance use
HIV adherence HIV/Sexual risk
HIV disclosure HIV/Sexual risk
HIV prevalence HIV/Sexual risk
HIV testing HIV/Sexual risk
HIV treatment HIV/Sexual risk
Intervention attendance Other syndemic
Medication adherence Substance use
Mental health Psychological wellbeing
Past year physical and/or sexual IPV HIV/Sexual risk
Physical health Other syndemic
Quality of life Other syndemic
Quality of life environmental Other syndemic
Quality of life physical Other syndemic
Quality of life psychological Psychological wellbeing
Quality of life social Psychological wellbeing
Risk sexual behavior HIV/Sexual risk
Safe sex strategies HIV/Sexual risk
School dropout Other syndemic
Sex HIV/Sexual risk
Sex and drinking HIV/Sexual risk
Sex for money HIV/Sexual risk
Sex partner selection HIV/Sexual risk
STI rates HIV/Sexual risk
STI testing HIV/Sexual risk
Substance use Substance use
Talk about HIV HIV/Sexual risk
Tobacco treatment Substance use
Unwanted pregnancy Other syndemic
Viral load HIV/Sexual risk