Table 5.
Differential Effects of Multiple-Behavior Interventions Related to Country Log GDP, GDP Per Capita, HDI, and HAQ
| Development indices | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Log GDP | GDP per capita | HDI | HAQ | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| b (SE) | df | b (SE) | df | b (SE) | df | b (SE) | df | |
| (Cluster = 278, k = 1180) | (Cluster = 278, k = 1180) | (Cluster = 276, k = 1172) | (Custer = 282, k = 1192) | |||||
| Intercept | −0.96 (0.72) | 29.00 | −0.16 (0.18) | 64.95 | −0.68† (0.36) | 19.94 | −0.41 (0.26) | 28.28 |
| Intervention type: MBI | 2.63* (1.00) | 50.99 | 0.22 (0.14) | 55.28 | 1.57** (0.49) | 32.25 | 0.9** 0.31) | 39.26 |
| Intervention type: PC | 0.67 (0.90) | 33.96 | −0.04 (0.16) | 39.67 | 0.5 0.44) | 20.55 | 0.2 (0.31) | 22.18 |
| Development index | 0.03 (0.03) | 32.07 | 0.00 (0.00) | 36.78 | 0.68 (0.46) | 20.40 | 0.00 (0.00) | 28.19 |
| Development index × Intervention type: MBI | −0.09* (0.04) | 55.89 | −0.00† (0.00) | 67.07 | −1.9** (0.6) | 38.75 | −0.01** (0.00) | 52.84 |
| Development index × Intervention type: PC | −0.03 (0.03) | 38.82 | −0.00 (0.00) | 57.83 | −0.77 (0.56) | 26.73 | −0.00 (0.00) | 31.82 |
| Covariates: | ||||||||
| Average age | 0.01** (0.00) | 94.75 | 0.01** (0.00) | 99.36 | 0.01** (0.00) | 94.71 | 0.01** (0.00) | 100.51 |
| Percentages of females | 0.00 (0.00) | 117.30 | 0.00 (0.00) | 117.90 | 0.00 (0.00) | 116.52 | 0.00 (0.00) | 119.32 |
| Expert facilitator | 0.13* (0.07) | 145.25 | 0.15* (0.07) | 151.71 | 0.13† (0.07) | 145.14 | 0.12† (0.07) | 147.31 |
| Medical recruitment setting | 0.02 (0.06) | 154.86 | 0.01 (0.06) | 152.54 | 0.01 (0.06) | 152.80 | 0.04 (0.06) | 157.98 |
| Culturally appropriate | −0.05 (0.06) | 100.37 | −0.07 (0.07) | 100.52 | −0.06 (0.07) | 99.58 | −0.07 (0.07) | 98.70 |
| Modified covariate for potential biases | 0.44 (0.38) | 26.41 | 0.48 (0.4) | 26.33 | 0.48 (0.39) | 25.98 | 0.38 (0.37) | 27.21 |
| I2 | 94.30 | 94.36 | 94.42 | 94.57 | ||||
Note. Log GDP = the log form of a country’s overall gross domestic product; GDP per capita = overall gross domestic product of a country divided by its total population; HDI = human development index; HAQ = healthcare access and quality index; b = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error; df = degrees of freedom; p = p value; k = total number of effect sizes; average age = average age of the sample; percentages of females = percentages of female participants; expert facilitator = the intervention program was facilitated by experts (e.g., clinical psychologists); medical recruitment setting = participant recruited from medical settings; culturally appropriate = the intervention was culturally appropriate; clinical delivery setting = the intervention was delivered in clinical settings. I2 = proportion of variance due to between-group heterogeneity.
p < .10,
p < .05,
p < .01,
p < .001