Figure 2.

Cysteine residues of ryanodine receptors prone to oxidation by ROS. (A) Evolutionary conservation of the hyper-active cysteines (red) across the RyR isoforms 1 and 2 in a rabbit, pig, mouse, and human. (B) Schematic diagram of the domain architecture of RyR2. Red circle in the diagram indicates the cysteines prone to oxidation for each RyR2 domain according to [243]. The same applies for the yellow circles, but according to [253] (C) Human RyR2 structure (PDB: 7UA3) showing the top and side views (left). The discussed oxidized cysteines are indicated in the close-up views (right). * means conserved residue among species.