Box 1 Table.

Summary of ncRNAs

	Physical Properties	Target	Functions
miRNA	Single strand, 18–23 nucleotides	messenger RNA, lncRNA	Transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation in conjunction with RISC, regulate transcriptional factors that are important to developmental state
tRF	31–40 or 14–30 nucleotides depending on type	messenger RNA	Transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation in conjunction with AGO
piRNAs	21–36 nucleotides	Transposons	Mediate epigenetic silencing, also silence transposons with PIWI protein
snoRNA	60–300 nucleotides	Ribosomal RNA	Affect RNA splicing, post transcriptional modification of ribosomal RNA to perturb translational profile
lncRNA	Longer than 200 nucleotides	Chromatin, transcription enzymes, miRNA, tRFs	Affect chromatin conformation, interfere with transcription enzymes, recruit ribonucleoprotein complex, control access to transcription sites, regulate miRNA and/or tRFs, mediate metabolic changes
circRNA	Single stranded RNA loop	Chromatin, transcription enzymes, miRNA	Affect chromatin conformation, interfere with transcription enzymes, sponge or regulate miRNA