Table 1.
Studies Investigating Sleep Disturbances in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
| Study | Study Design | Diseases Investigated | Patients (n) | Age Range | Gender Distribution (M/F) |
Severity | Sleep Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borges et al. [53] | Systematic review | Alzheimer | 6912 | 40–91 years | 45%/55% | Mild | Increased sleep fragmentation Longer sleep time latency |
| Mullins et al. [54] | Perspective | Alzheimer | 100 | 60–85 years | 64.7%/35.3% | Mild | Fragmented sleep Obstructive sleep apnea |
| Casagrande et al. [55] | Systematic review | Alzheimer | 71 | 58–93 years | 36%/64% | Severe | Repetitive awakenings Insomnia Higher sleep latency |
| Huo et al. [56] | Perspective | Alzheimer | 96 | 62–75 years | 49%/51% | Mild | Insomnia |
| Louzada et al. [57] | Clinical trial | Alzheimer | 62 | 80 years | 48%/52% | Mild | Insomnia |
| Sylwia et al. [58] | Study | Alzheimer | 112 | 51 years | 85%/15% | Severe | Sleep apnea |
| Kim et al. [59] | Study | Alzheimer | 351 | 72–80 years | 49.6%/50.4% | Mild | Insomnia |
| Chan et al. [60] | Systematic review | Dementia with Lewy bodies | 83 | >65 years | 26%/74% | Mild | Repeated episodes of sleep |
| Koren et al. [61] | Systematic review | Dementia with Lewy bodies | 90 | 66–91 years | N/A | Mild | Hyposmia REM sleep behavior disorder |
| Gaig et al. [62] | Retrospective | Progressive supranuclear palsy | 22 | 46–83 years | 50%/50% | Severe | Parasomnia, sleep apnea, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness |
| Chaithra et al. [63] | Prospective | Progressive supranuclear palsy | 76 | 62–70 years | 53%/47% | Severe | Excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome |
| De Bruin et al. [64] | Prospective | Progressive supranuclear palsy | 11 | 52–70 years | 25%/75% | Severe | Insomnia |
| Sabater et al. [65] | Case series | Progressive supranuclear palsy | 8 | 52–76 years | 40%/50% | Severe | Obstructive sleep apnea |
| Pao et al. [66] | Retrospective | Progressive supranuclear palsy | 78 | 71–80 years | 85%/15% | Mild | Insomnia |
| Zhang et al. [67] | Systematic review | Huntington | 152 | 43–57 years | N/A | Mild | Irregular sleep–wake cycles Decreased REM Increased REM latency |
| Maffi et al. [68] | Perspective | Huntington | 42 | 28–64 years | 52.4%/47.6% | Severe | Insomnia Altered sleep quality |
| Postuma et al. [69] | Clinical trial | Multiple system atrophy | 1280 | 66–74 years | 82.5%/17.5% | Severe | Fragmented sleep insomnia |
| De Pablo et al. [70] | Retrospective | Multiple system atrophy | 111 | 62 years | 60.4%/39.6% | Mild | Obstructive sleep apnea |
| Elliot et al. [71] | Clinical trial | Multiple system atrophy | 361 | >18 years |
80%/20% | Mild | Insomnia |
| Wilke et al. [72] | Observational | Multiple system atrophy | 23 | 22–67 years | 45%/55% | Mild | Increased daytime sleepiness |