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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Immunol Res. 2023 Sep 1;11(9):1168–1183. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-22-0465

Figure 1. Aerobic exercise remodels melanoma tumor vasculature.

Figure 1.

YUMMER and B16F10 tumor–bearing mice performed two weeks of treadmill exercise (Exer) or were non-exercised sedentary controls (Sed). A) YUMMER and B) B16F10 tumor vessel structure was evaluated using CD31 immunofluorescent staining. C,D) FITC-dextran leak (green) and CD31 (red) immunofluorescence with DAPI staining (blue) in C) YUMMER and D) B16F10 tumors; scale bar: 100μm. FITC-dextran leakage quantified as percent of dextran+ vessels in E) YUMMER and F) B16F10 tumors. Graphs are displayed with lines showing the mean +/− standard error of the mean (SEM); each point represents one tumor value obtained by the average of ≥ 5 10x microscopic fields. T-test results are represented on graphs according to the following: ns= p > 0.05, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001. The experiment comparing sedentary and exercise-treated mice was repeated four times in the YUMMER model and three times in B16F10 model, with n ≥ 8 mice in each treatment group for each independent experiment.