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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 20.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Jun 15;205:262–274. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.012

Fig. 4. Activation of signaling pathways downstream of cGAS-STING in PDAC cell lines.

Fig. 4.

A, Comparison of cell signaling and DNA damage time course following exposure to the STING agonist MSA-2 (10 μM) in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. B, Time course for cGAS-STING and cytokine nuclear signaling following exposure to 10 μM MSA-2 in AsPC-1, BxP-3, and CFPAC-1 tumor cells. C, Comparison of cGAMP/MSA-2 induced cell signaling to that produced by IFN-β and IL-17A in BxPC-3 cells. Cells were untreated or exposed for 1 or 6 h to each of the compounds studied. D, Effect of NF-κB signaling on cGAMP-related DUOX2 expression. The role of RELA expression in cGAMP- and IL-17A-related DUOX2 (right panel) and RELA (left panel) expression was examined in BxPC-3 cells using siRNA. In these experiments, control siRNA and RELA siRNA, where indicated, were transfected into BxPC-3 cells; 24 h following transfection, cells were propagated in serum free medium alone or with the addition of either IL-17A or cGAMP for another 24 h. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. E, Role of NF-κB signaling in plasmid-related upregulation of DUOX2 expression in BxPC-3 cells evaluated using two different RELA siRNAs; left panel demonstrates effects of RELA siRNAs on DUOX2 expression 48 h after plasmid transfection, and the right panel shows the effect of the siRNAs on RELA expression itself. ***p < 0.001. The results presented represent at least three independent experiments.