Table 2.
Comparison of exposures and covariates. Numbers and percentages reflect sample weighting.
| White (n=1643) | Black (n = 422) | Hispanic (n = 627) | Other (n = 293) | Missing (n = 291) | Total (N=3277) | Chi2 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR) | 9 (5–13) | 9 (6–13) | 9 (5 – 12) | 8 (5 – 12) | 8 (4 – 12) | 9 (5–12) | - |
| Sex | 0.014 | ||||||
| Male | 985 (60%) | 284 (67%) | 410 (65%) | 161 (55%) | 180 (62%) | 2021 (62%) | |
| Female | 658 (40%) | 138 (33%) | 217 (35%) | 132 (45%) | 111 (38%) | 1256 (38%) | |
| Insurance | <0.001 | ||||||
| Medicaid/uninsured | 523 (32%) | 311 (74%) | 445 (71%) | 140 (48%) | 140 (48%) | 1559 (48%) | |
| Private | 1074 (65%) | 99 (23%) | 121 (19%) | 138 (47%) | 148 (51%) | 1580 (48%) | |
| Medicare/no charge/other | 46.53 (2.8%) | 12 (3%) | 61 (10%) | 15 (5%) | 3 (1%) | 138 (4%) | |
| Complex chronic condition | 214 (13%) | 80 (19%) | 103 (16%) | 27 (9%) | 44 (15%) | 469 (14%) | 0.010 |
| Debridement procedure | 1025 (62%) | 288 (68%) | 348 (56%) | 180 (62%) | 167 (57%) | 2009 (61%) | 0.006 |
| CVC | 413 (25%) | 118 (28%) | 178 (28%) | 73 (25%) | 55 (19%) | 838 (26%) | 0.375 |
| Hospital location | 0.006 | ||||||
| Rural | 25 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 5 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (2%) | 45 (1%) | |
| Urban non-teaching | 80 (5%) | 26 (6%) | 56 (9%) | 8 (3%) | 4 (1%) | 174 (5%) | |
| Urban teaching | 1539 (94%) | 389 (92%) | 565 (90%) | 285 (97%) | 280 (96%) | 3058 (93%) | |
| Hospital region | <0.001 | ||||||
| Northeast | 274 (17%) | 65 (16%) | 72 (12%) | 68 (23%) | 20 (7%) | 500 (15%) | |
| Midwest | 441 (27%) | 101 (24%) | 48 (8%) | 41 (14%) | 77 (26%) | 709 (22%) | |
| South | 623 (38%) | 216 (51%) | 240 (38%) | 81 (28%) | 152 (52%) | 1312 (40%) | |
| West | 305 (19%) | 40 (9%) | 266 (42%) | 103 (35%) | 42 (15%) | 756 (23%) | |
| Hospital size | 0.793 | ||||||
| Small | 236 (14%) | 62 (15%) | 68 (11%) | 59 (20%) | 55 (19%) | 480 (15%) | |
| Medium | 383 (23%) | 98 (23%) | 142 (23%) | 49 (17%) | 58 (20%) | 730 (22%) | |
| Large | 1025 (62%) | 263 (62%) | 417 (67%) | 185 (63%) | 178 (61%) | 2067 (63%) | |
| Weekend admission | 283 (17%) | 89 (21%) | 128 (20%) | 55 (19%) | 49 (17%) | 603 (18%) | 0.323 |
| Discharge quarter | 0.319 | ||||||
| First | 404 (25%) | 88 (21%) | 172 (27%) | 70 (24%) | 67 (23%) | 802 (25%) | |
| Second | 354 (22%) | 104 (25%) | 149 (24%) | 76 (26%) | 73 (25%) | 756 (23%) | |
| Third | 487 (30%) | 125 (30%) | 159 (25%) | 69 (24%) | 68 (23%) | 909 (28%) | |
| Fourth | 398 (24%) | 105 (25%) | 146 (23%) | 77 (26%) | 84 (29%) | 810 (25%) | |
| Discharge year | 0.258 | ||||||
| 2016 | 862 (53%) | 215 (51%) | 325 (52%) | 120 (41%) | 195 (67%) | 1716 (52%) | |
| 2019 | 781 (47%) | 207 (49%) | 302 (48%) | 173 (59%) | 97 (33%) | 1561 (48%) | |
| ZIP code median income quartile | <0.001 | ||||||
| First (poorest) | 314 (19%) | 222 (53%) | 284 (40%) | 59 (10%) | 52 (18%) | 895 (27%) | |
| Second | 376 (23%) | 106 (25%) | 161 (26%) | 44 (15%) | 55 (19%) | 743 (23%) | |
| Third | 418 (25%) | 46 (11%) | 139 (22%) | 58 (20%) | 78 (27%) | 739 (22%) | |
| Fourth (wealthiest) | 536 (33%) | 48 (11%) | 78 (13%) | 132 (45%) | 107 (37%) | 901 (27%) | |
| Outcome | |||||||
| LOS, median (IQR) | 5 (3–6) | 5 (4–9) | 5 (4–8) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | |
| Days to first debridement, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | |
| Prolonged LOS [highest quartile], n (%) | 281 (17%) | 126 (30%) | 166 (27%) | 71 (24%) | 59 (20%) | 703 (22%) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CVC – central venous catheter; IQR – interquartile range; LOS – length of stay; ZIP code - Zone Improvement Plan code