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. 2023 Sep 18;12(18):3472. doi: 10.3390/foods12183472

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Flow cytometry combined with fluorescence labeling to differentiate live, dead, and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Zhang. Dot plots of cells of (A) side scatter (SSC) against forward scatter (FSC); (B) propidium iodide (PI) staining; (C) SYTO 9 staining; (D) SYTO 9/PI double staining. R1 in (A), R2 in (B), R3 in (C), and R4 in (D) indicate bacteria at all physiological states, dead, live, and VBNC cells, respectively.