Table 3.
Different platforms for the detection and isolation of CTCs and their markers.
| Platform | Analyses | Marker(s)/Parameter | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| CellSearch® | Anti-EpCAM antibody Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based approach |
EpCAM | [44,98] |
| NanoVelcro | Microfluidic chip coated with a cocktail of antibodies | Surface markers including ASGPR, glypican-3, and EpCAM | [99] |
| CTC−BioTChip | Hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanofilm | EpCAM | [53] |
| Refined CTC−BioTChip | Anti-EpCAM antibody and galactose-rhodamine-polyacrylamide nanoparticles were endocytosed into the CTCs through ASGPRs present on the surface of the CTCs. | EpCAM and ASGPR | [53] |
| ISET® | Filtration-based technology | Cytokeratin (CK) | [100] |
| Parsortix | Microfluidic-based system | Size and deformability | [69] |
| RosetteSep | Density gradient centrifugation-based platform | Cocktail antibody | [101] |
| OncoQuick | Density gradient centrifugation-based technologies | Buoyant density | [73] |
| CanPatrolTM | Microfiltration and various EMT markers | EpCAM, CK8/9/19, vimentin, and TWIST | [78] |
| EP@MNPs | Novel peptide-based magnetic nanoparticle | EpCAM recognition peptide followed by CD profiling to distinguish epithelial and mesenchymal subgroups | [102] |
| NP@MNPs | Novel peptide-based magnetic nanoparticle | N-cadherin recognition peptide followed CDRNA profiling to distinguish epithelial and mesenchymal subgroups | [103] |
| CytoSorter® and CytoSorter™ | CTC PD-L1 Kit | PD-L1 antibody | [104] |
| Optimized CanPatrol CTC-enrichment | Combining nanotechnology filters and mRNA ISH array | EpCAM, CK8, CD18, CD45, Vimentin, TWIST, CK19, and NANOG | [105] |
| EPIDROP | Single-cell proteomic and secretomic analyses of viable CTCs | EpCAM and other IHC markers | [85] |
| RT-LAMP | Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification | EpCAM, CK19, CD133, and CD90 | [106] |
| RareCyte | High-definition single-cell analysis (HD-SCA) |
EpCAM, CK, and other IHC markers | [107] |
| DEPArray™ | Sub-sequential high-quality genomic profiling | A combination of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and image-based selection methods and some IHC markers | [108] |
| NanoVelcro | Triple-immunofluorescence staining method | ASGPR, glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule | [57] |