Table 2.

Adjusted Outcomes Comparing Odds of Events for Patients Who Were Switched Early vs Others on Hospital Day 3; for the Entire Cohort and Among the Subgroup of Patients Initially Treated With Intravenous (IV) Ceftriaxone Plus a Macrolide or IV Quinolone Monotherapy; OR (95% Confidence Interval)

	Entire Cohort		Subgroup of Patients (Ceftriaxone + Macrolide or Quinolone Monotherapy)
Hospitalization Outcome	Odds Ratioa	P Value	Odds Ratioa	P Value
14-day in-hospital case fatality	0.65 (.55–.77)	<.0001	0.77 (.54–1.11)	.16
Late intensive care unit admission (hospital day 3+)	0.66 (.58–.75)	<.0001	0.75 (.57–.99)	.04
Late invasive mechanical ventilation initiation (hospital day 3+)	0.67 (.57–.79)	<.0001	0.84 (.60–1.17)	.31
Late vasopressor initiation (hospital day 3+)	0.70 (.60–.82)	<.0001	0.77 (.56–1.06)	.11
Clostridium difficile infection	0.58 (.28–1.23)	0.16	0.57 (.10–3.26)	.53
	Ratio of means		Ratio of means
Total duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment	0.44 (.44–.44)	<.0001	0.41 (.41–.41)	<.0001
Total duration of antibiotic treatment	0.88 (.87–.88)	<.0001	0.92 (.92–.93)	<.0001
Length of stay	0.85 (.85–.86)	<.0001	0.90 (.89–.90)	<.0001
Costb	0.84 (.84–.84)	<.0001	0.89 (.89–.90)	<.0001

Data are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) except for cost and length of stay (mean multipliers).

^aAdjusted for demographics, insurance status, comorbidities, multidrug resistant–community-acquired pneumonia risk factors, initial treatments, and disease severity (in Table 1, except for the composite organ failure score since each single organ failure was adjusted already).

^bInflation adjusted to 2015 annual costs by using the medical care component of the consumer price index.